The current research of shock wave pressure testing based on plastic deformation neglects the combined effect of overpressure peak and impulse on metal sheet, and the application range of the model is limited. To solve the above problems, the simulation analysis of three typical metal plates with different thicknesses and diameters under different impact loads is carried out, and the positive and negative correlations between the deformation of the plates and overpressure, impulse, diameter and thickness are revealed. Considering the influence of overpressure and impulse on thin plate deformation, the relationship model of deflection of circular plate deformation-overpressure/impulse is established by using dimensional analysis method. The verification test data show that the average error of the model is 4.84%, which meets the requirement of test accuracy in explosion field and can be used for actual shock wave test. The research provides an effective test method and accurate data support for the evaluation of shock wave damage power of high energy warhead.

A theoretical analysis on the perforation of Weldox 460E steel plate struck by flat-nosed projectiles is presented using a previously developed model within a unified framework. This model contains a dimensionless empirical equation to describe the variation of energy absorbed through global deformation behavior as a function of impact velocity. The study further investigates the energy absorption mechanisms of Weldox 460E steel plates, with particular focus on the “plateau” phenomenon, i.e., limited increase in ballistic limit with increasing plate thickness. This phenomenon is explained and compared with results from previously studied 2024-T351 aluminium plates. The model predictions agree well with experimental data for Weldox 460E steel plates impacted by flat-nosed projectiles, including: (1) relationship between global deformation and impact velocity, (2) ballistic limit, (3) residual velocity, and (4) critical conditions for the transition of failure modes. Moreover, the model effectively predicts the “plateau” phenomenon observed in intermediate plate thickness range. It is also found that the indentation absorption energy contributes a significantly larger fraction of the total absorption energy in Weldox 460E steel plates perforated by the flat-nosed projectiles than in 2024-T351 aluminium plates, due to differences in material properties.

In order to realize efficient and accurate rockburst grade prediction, and prevent underground engineering disasters, this paper proposes a prediction model based on black-winged kite optimization algorithm-convolutional neural network-support vector machine (BKA-CNN-SVM). Firstly, the prediction index system was established according to six influence factors of rockburst, and 284 groups of rockburst cases at home and abroad were collected to establish a rockburst database. Secondly, Laida criterion and 1.5 times quartile difference were introduced to remove and replace the outliers in the data. The kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) was used to reduce the dimension of the data and extract the features. The extracted features were used as the model inputs. Finally, the confusion matrix was used to evaluate the model performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F₁ value. BKA-CNN-SVM model was compared with convolutional neural network (CNN) model, extreme learning machine (ELM) model, and convolutional neural network and support vector machine (CNN-SVM) integrated model. The results showed that the accuracy, precision, F₁ value, and recall of BKA-CNN-SVM model are 95.35%, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively, which are significantly better than the other models in terms of prediction accuracy and generalization degree. In order to verify the feasibility of the BKA-CNN-SVM model, it was used to prediction the rockburst grade of the Jinping secondary hydro-power station. The prediction results have high consistency with the actual field conditions. This research can provides a new method for rockburst grade prediction.

To uncover the interface proximity effect arising from the interaction between shock wave and near-surface impurity and hole of material in practical applications, a simplified mechanism study on the influence of downstream planar heavy-light interfaces on the evolution of a shock-accelerated heavy gas cylinder was carried out through numerical simulation. The findings reveal that the diffracted and transmitted wave systems formed by the incident shock impacting the heavy gas cylinders successively interact with the downstream planar slow-fast interface, leading to the formation of wave systems that reflect back and forth between the gas cylinder and the downstream planar slow-fast interface. Significantly, these wave systems not only govern the evolution of the gas cylinder interface but also trigger the generation of jets at the downstream planar slow-fast interfaces. Under diverse interfacial spacing conditions, the type of reflected waves originating from the diffracted wave system outside the gas cylinder varies at the downstream interface, and the sequence of the reflected wave system and the focused wave system inside the gas cylinder interacting with the right pole of the gas cylinder is different. When the interfacial distance is narrow, the gas cylinder jet can permeate the gap fluid sandwiched between the gas cylinder and the downstream slow-fast interface and couple with the jet at the downstream planar slow-fast interface, which significantly promotes the evolution of the gas cylinder jet. As the interfacial distance increases, the jet coupling phenomenon progressively wanes, and the gas cylinder jet succumbs to the inhibitory effect of the vortex pair within the gas cylinder. With a further augmentation in interfacial distance, the gas cylinder jet will be promoted by the stretching effect of the reflected rarefaction wave system at the downstream interface. In addition, under different interface spacing conditions, the presence of a downstream planar slow-fast interface invariably augments the development of interfacial width, height, as well as circulation deposition.

C₃N₄ has a wide range of applications in the synthesis of superhard materials and photocatalysis materials, but its phase transitions and physical behaviors under high pressure and high temperature conditions are not fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to study its thermochemical equation of state. In this paper, we propose a novel, high-precision and low-cost method for quantitatively determining the equation of state of C₃N₄, based on decomposition phase boundary and compression line at room temperature. We constructs the equation of state for two phases of C₃N₄, and the corresponding physical quantities match well with first-principles calculations and experimental values, proving the reliability of the equation of state. Based on the equation of state of C₃N₄, we make a preliminary judgment on the phase state of the controversial points. Furthermore, this study attempts to incorporate the equation of state of C₃N₄ into the research on the detonation mechanism of novel nitrogen-rich explosives. It significantly reduces the long-standing errors between the calculated values and experimental values of the detonation parameters of the explosives, and provides a new reference direction for the research on the detonation parameter calculations of new explosives.

Rock body will generate signals with different frequencies under the impact of external loads. This paper monitors the stress wave signals before and after the rock body is subjected to transient impact loads through the fiber-optic monitoring system with homemade probes, and conducts time-frequency analysis of the experimental monitoring signals using the robust local mean decomposition (RLMD) method combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). After that, LS-DYNA software is used to simulate the impact load applied to the rock body and generate the stress wave, and the frequency of the stress wave is verified against the frequency of the experimentally monitored stress wave. Finally, the relationship between the simulated stress wave frequency change under the change of elastic modulus and density is analyzed. Results show that the signals monitored in the field will appear as multiple signals with great amplitude after spectral decomposition of 1500–2300 Hz after the impact is applied in the field, which is consistent with the simulation result of the time-frequency analysis of the stress wave in the main frequency signal of 2203 Hz, and the opposite trend to the frequency change indicated by the one-dimensional planar stress wave derivation, which will be the next step of the research issue.

In order to control the lining damage of underground roadways induced by the vibration effect of bench blasting in an open-pit quarry, the dynamic response of the existing adjacent roadway at the transition mining stage from open pit to underground in Lara Copper Mine were studied by means of field vibration monitoring, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. Through regression analysis of the monitoring data, the vibration attenuation law was obtained, and the dominant frequency and instantaneous energy of the vibration were analyzed. Six models with different relative spatial positions between the open-pit bench and underground roadway were established using the LS-DYNA software. Subsequently, double-hole delayed blasting models were developed to investigate the dynamic response of adjacent existing roadways under blasting loads. The results show that for the existing roadway located below the explosion source of the open pit bench, its maximum vibration velocity mainly appears in the arch and the side wall on the explosion-facing side. The direction and position of the peak vibration velocity change with the different relative spatial position of the roadway and the explosion source. When the vertical distance between the roadway vault and the bottom of the blast hole is fixed at 10 m, and the horizontal distance between the roadway sidewall and the blast hole is less than 15 m, the vibration velocity in the vertical direction of the tunnel structure is greater after explosion. Beyond this 15 m horizontal distance, the vibration velocity in the horizontal and radial directions of the tunnel structure is larger. By fitting the relationship between peak effective stress and peak particle velocity and utilizing the ultimate dynamic tensile strength of the roadway, a vibration velocity threshold of 19 cm/s was derived. After adjusting blasting parameters according to the safety threshold, the safety of adjacent existing roadway can be ensured.

The disaster characteristics of gas combustion and explosion are hot and key topics in domestic and international research. Studying the combustion and explosion characteristics under complex constraint conditions is of great significance. Regarding rigid and flexible obstacles, the combustion and explosion process of hydrogen-doped methane gas in a long straight pipeline with double heterogeneous obstacles was explored through experiments. The results show that, compared with the obstacle-free environment, the influence of double obstacles on the flame speed, explosion pressure, and explosion intensity index increases with the increase in the blockage ratio of the flexible obstacle and the addition of hydrogen. Moreover, the increase in explosion pressure and explosion intensity index is greater than that of the flame speed. Under the combined action of hydrogen addition and double obstacles, the flame contact speed can increase by up to 176.51%, and the maximum speed can increase by up to 316.40%. The double obstacles cause the pressure in the upstream region to rise first and then fall, and the pressure oscillation in the downstream region is obvious. After hydrogen addition, compared with the obstacle-free environment, the maximum explosion pressure in the pipeline can increase by up to 1280.9%, and the maximum explosion intensity index can increase to 167.65 times. In the layout engineering projects of constraint facilities, flexible obstacles with a smaller blockage ratio should be preferred to effectively mitigate the consequences of explosion hazards.

Aiming at the problem that a large number of material parameters and required for the structural design and numerical simulation of penetration resistance of fiber reinforced composite laminates, this article takes carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates as the research object, and adopts multi-scale simulation method to realize the whole process numerical simulation prediction of micro-, meso-, and macro-scale mechanical properties and penetration resistance of fiber-bundle-laminates. Firstly, microscopic representative volume elements (RVE) were established to predict the mechanical properties of fiber bundles based on the maximum stress criterion. Then, based on Hashin and Hou’s failure criteria, the macroscopic equivalent mechanical properties were predicted by the mesoscopic RVE models established according to the spatial characteristics of braided structures. Finally, an improved Hashin failure criterion considering the strain rate effect was proposed, and the numerical model of ballistic penetration was established based on the literature tests to study the residual velocities and damage characteristics. The results show that the errors of residual velocity results are less than 5%, and the macroscopic numerical models can accurately simulate the damage modes such as fiber fracture as well as interlayer delamination, which verifies the rationality and accuracy of multi-scale simulation method in this article. The relationship between the ballistic limit velocity and the thickness of the plate is linear and the correlation coefficient is above 0.97. The findings of this paper can help to realize the design of low-cost and short-period fiber reinforced composite laminates, which has important scientific and engineering application values for property prediction and inverse structural design of fiber reinforced composite laminates.