Abnormal Properties of Halogen Compounds under High Pressure
LIU Yan, LI Da, CUI Tian
2022, 36(6): 060102.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of P-Doped Silicon-Germanium Alloys Synthesized by High-Pressure Method
HAN Pengju, HU Meihua, BI Ning, WANG Yueyue, ZHOU Xubiao, LI Shangsheng
2022, 36(6): 061101.
Effect of Projectile Geometry on Dynamic Mechanical Response of Graphene
ZHANG Tao, JIANG Jun, SUN Weifu
2022, 36(6): 064204.
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
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Frontiers in High Pressure Science and Technology
Structural Evolution in Molten Tin and Bismuth under Extreme Conditions
XU Liang, XIANG Shikai, HU Jianbo, WU Qiang
2023, 37(1): 010101.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220696
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Liquids are an intriguing state of condensed matter with a density close to that of the solid-state but with all atoms undergoing continuous diffusive motions, resulting in an absence of long-range structural order. Understanding the structural evolution of liquids under extreme conditions is important for fundamental physics, chemistry, materials and planetary science. Two or more liquid states may exist even for single-component substances, which is known as liquid polymorphism, and the transition between them is called liquid-liquid transition. In situ experiments and atomic simulations can provide crucial insight into the nature of liquid-liquid phase transitions, paving the way toward understanding the complex phase diagrams and melting behavior under high pressure. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the structure of metallic molten Sn and Bi, and discussed how to gain a more physically understanding of the existence of two or more liquids in a single-component substance but also provided information for in-depth understanding of liquid properties and complex phase diagrams.

Physical Property and Structure
Pressure-Induced Irreversible Amorphization and Metallization of CsCu2I3
ZHANG Hongsheng, YAO Xianxiang, LYU Xindeng, SONG Hao, HUANG Yanping, FANG Yuqiang, CUI Tian
2023, 37(1): 011101.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230607
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Exploring the structures and properties of halide perovskite under pressure have triggered great interest among scientists in recent years. However, there is still little understanding on the potential properties and applications of their amorphous phase under high pressure. In this paper, we utilized diamond anvil cell, combined with in situ high pressure synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electrical resistance measurement to investigated the amorphization of quasi-one-dimensional halide perovskite CsCu2I3 under high pressure. It was observed that CsCu2I3 started to transform to a reversible low-density amorphous phase Ⅰ above 35.9 GPa. An irreversible high density amorphous phase Ⅱ was realized at higher pressure, which can be maintained to ambient pressure. With the application of pressure up to 136.0 GPa, the initially insulating CsCu2I3 transform to a metallic phase. In addition, the metallic amorphous phase Ⅱ can be preserved to at least 90.0 GPa. These results provide an important scientific basis for further exploring the potential properties and applications of amorphous perovskite.

Compression Behavior of Tetragonal PbTeO3 Crystals under High Pressure
FA Zhixiang, WANG Wendan, LI Ao, YU Shaonan, WANG Liping
2023, 37(1): 011102.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220646
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The millimeter-size tetragonal PbTeO3 single crystal was synthesized by hydrothermal method under saturated vapor pressure of water at 230 °C. Crystal structure, microscopic morphology, thermal stability and other properties of the sample were studied. The compression behavior of the tetragonal PbTeO3 crystal under high pressure was investigated by diamond anvil cell (DAC) with in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The results show there is no phase transition observed in the tetragonal PbTeO3 up to 37 GPa. Using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state to fit the observed pressure-volume data of the tetragonal PbTeO3 sample, a bulk modulus B0=42(1) GPa, $ B_0'$=5.5(0.2) for tetragonal phase was obtained. The variation of lattice parameters with pressure shows that the crystal is easier to compress in the c-axis direction.

Theory and Calculation
Backward Integration Method for Multilayer Target Quasi-Isentropic Compression Experiments
TAO Peidong, ZHANG Hongping, ZHANG Zhiyou, LI Mu
2023, 37(1): 012301.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220640
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According to the requirements of target structure design and experimental data processing in multilayer target quasi-isentropic compression experiments, an interlayer transfer method for multilayer targets was proposed based on the backward integration method, the backward calculation of multilayer targets from the measuring surface to the loading surface or laser ablation surface was realized. Through the forward and backward integration numerical experiments and the application in laser driven experiment, the effectiveness of the backward integration method in multilayer targets was verified, and the backward integration processing accuracy of multilayer targets can reach within 1% in most of the calculation area. The waveform design of quasi-isentropic compression multilayer target experiments was carried out by backward integration method, and the influence of multilayer targets with different thicknesses of glue on quasi-isentropic compression experiments was analyzed.

Dynamic Response of Matter
Mechanical Properties and Energy Evolution Characteristics of Concrete under Different Strain Rates and Content of MWCNTs
HUANG Shanxiu, CHEN Xiaoyang, ZHANG Chuanxiang, GUO Jiaqi
2023, 37(1): 014101.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220654
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In order to study the effect of strain rate (loading rate) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) content on the mechanical properties, energy evolution law and damage failure characteristics of MWCNTs-reinforced concrete samples, the RMT-150B rock mechanics test system was used to carry out a series of uniaxial compression tests on MWCNTs-reinforced concrete samples with different content of MWCNTs under different strain rates. The results show that the ductility of MWCNTs-reinforced concrete samples increases with the increase of the content of MWCNTs. When the strain rate is constant, the uniaxial compressive strength of the MWCNTs-reinforced concrete with 0.10% MWCNTs content is the highest; when the content of MWCNTs is constant, the uniaxial compressive strength of the MWCNTs-reinforced concrete samples reaches the maximum under strain rate of 5×10–3 s–1 (0.5 mm/s); when the strain rate is large, the mean value of the energy dissipation of MWCNTs-reinforced concrete accounts for 28.29% of the total energy at the peak stress. When the strain rate is small, the energy dissipation phenomenon in the pre-peak stage is significant, and the mean proportion of dissipated energy at the peak stress is as high as 37.34%. When the strain rate and MWCNTs content are small, the energy absorbed by the MWCNTs-reinforced concrete before failure is largely transformed into dissipative energy, and the energy release rate of the samples after peak stress is small, which is characterized by mixed failure of local tension and shear. When the strain rate and MWCNTs content are large, the energy absorbed by the MWCNTs-reinforced concrete before failure is mainly stored as releasable elastic strain energy, and the energy release rate of the concrete samples is faster at failure, and the MWCNTs-reinforced concrete samples are relatively broken at failure, showing the characteristics of impacted damage to a certain extent.

Mechanical Properties and Failure Analysis of UHMWPE Fiber Composite Laminates under Compressive Loading
CHANG Lijun, HUANG Xingyuan, YUAN Shenglin, CAI Zhihua
2023, 37(1): 014102.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220633
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To determine the mechanical properties and failure modes of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber composite laminates under static and dynamic compressive loading, a universal material testing machine (UTM) and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental system were used to obtain the stress-strain relationships of UHMWPE subjected to out-of-plane compression at different strain rate loading. After experiments, the microscopic failure morphology of the material was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), then the failure mode of the material was analyzed. The results show that the UHMWPE fiber composite laminates performs a rate-independent behavior at low strain rates (6.7×10−3 s−1 to 6.7×10−2 s−1); while a rate-dependent at high strain rates (2.05×103 s−1 to 5.27×103 s−1). The compression strength increases with the rising strain rate, and the dynamic enhancement factor gradually increases, with an obvious strain rate strengthening effect. Under static compression, the main damage mode of UHMWPE is the stretching and fracture of the fibers, while at dynamic situation, the main damage mode of the material is the longitudinal dislocation delamination.

Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Epoxy VER Composites
BAI Hui, HUI Hu, YANG Yuqing
2023, 37(1): 014103.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220641
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In this paper, the mechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy vinyl ester resin (GF/epoxy VER) composite after hygrothermal aging were studied. The GF/epoxy VER composites laminates were fabricated by vacuum assisted injection molding technology. According to the stress characteristics of composite pressure vessels during service, bending and shearing samples were made by water cutting technology. Considering the working environment of pressure vessel, accelerated aging tests were carried out on the samples soaked in water to analyze the changes of the mass and mechanical properties of the composites at different temperatures and periods. Results show that bending and shear properties of composite materials decrease with the increase of water immersion time. The effect of temperature on the properties of composites is more significant than that of soaking time. If immersed in 90 ℃ water for 6 weeks, the shear strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composite are reduced to half of the initial value.

Blast Resistant Performance of Steel/POZD Composite Structures under Close-Range Air Blast Loading
WANG Yiping, WANG Wei, YANG Jianchao, WANG Jianhui, WANG Xing
2023, 37(1): 014104.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220650
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To study the improvement mechanism of polyisocyanate oxazodone (POZD) on the blast resistance of steel plate, and analyze the dynamic response of steel/POZD composite structure, close-range air blast tests and finite element numerical simulations were conducted. Deformation failure modes of steel/POZD composite structures were studied and analyzed by observing the damage of tested structures and dealing with related date statistics. The accuracy of numerical simulation method was verified by comparing the results of numerical simulations with those of tests. The mid-span displacement change and energy absorption characteristics of steel/POZD composite structures were analyzed. Results show that steel/POZD composite structures have better blast resistant performance than single steel plates. Steel plates exhibit three different deformation failure modes. In the case of a steel/POZD composite structure with no crevasse, the plastic strain energy of steel layer gives a most contribution to the total energy absorption. The maximum central displacement of steel/POZD composite structure gradually increases, and meanwhile, its deformation velocity first increases and then decreases. The research results can provide references for the anti-explosion protection design of steel/POZD composite structures in engineering field.

Numerical Simulation of Anti-Penetration of Al/CFRP/Hybrid Honeycomb Aluminum Composite Sandwich Multilayer Structure
JI Yao, XU Shuangxi, CHEN Wei, LE Jingxia, LI Xiaobin, LI Ying
2023, 37(1): 014201.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220657
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Due to the low cost, high toughness and energy absorption characteristics of hybrid honeycomb structure under low velocity impact, an Al/carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/hybrid honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure was designed. The kinetic energy of the projectile was supposed to be effectively absorbed and the protection was supposed to be achieved through gradually reducing the velocity of the projectile layer by layer. In order to investigate the damage evolution law and energy absorption characteristics, numerical analysis was carried out, and the impact energy effect on the penetration resistance of multilayer structure was discussed. It is found that, compared with the Al/CFRP composite structure, the reaction force given by the structure becomes larger for hybrid honeycomb aluminum. Hence, with an identical energy, the time of the projectile acting on the plate becomes shorter. In the process of anti-penetration of Al/CFRP/hybrid aluminum honeycomb composite sandwich multilayer, the Al plate and CFRP core mainly resist the penetration, and the honeycomb aluminum mainly absorbs the energy of the projectile. When the impact energy is 40 J, the total absorbed energy is 36.79 J, and the specific energy absorption is 0.217 J/g, the honeycomb aluminum core layer absorbs the main part of the energy with the proportion of 30.3%; as the impact energy increases, the proportion increases to 56.2%. This indicates that the energy absorption of the honeycomb aluminum core layer is better when the impact energy increases.

Out-of-Plane Mechanical Behaviors of Intorsion Hierarchical Honeycomb-Like Structures
KONG Zhicheng, HU Jun, HAO Yingqi
2023, 37(1): 014202.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220632
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In this study, a novel type of the intorsion hierarchical honeycomb-like (IHH) structures was proposed based on the cell geometrical design. The out-of-plane mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics were studied by numerical simulation, and the results were compared with that of ordinary honeycomb (OH) structure as well as the honeycomb structure filled with circular tube (HFCT). It is found that the intorsion hierarchical design makes the constraint effect inside the cell. Through multi-order hierarchical design, the constraint effect can be further strengthened, so as to improve the mechanical behaviors. In addition, parametric studies were carried out to reveal the influence of the change of relative density on mechanical performance. Based on the simplified super folding element (SSFE) theory, a theoretical model of IHH was established. The results show that the proposed IHH exhibit the progressive folding deformation mode and attain the optimal energy absorption efficiency among all the competitors. The theoretical model can effectively predict the mean stress of IHH. The results in this study can provide guidance for the mechanical performance optimization of multi-cell structure.

Damage Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Sandwich Panels Subjected to Water Slamming Loading
WANG Song, LI Yinggang, HUANG Xinhua, LI Xiaobin
2023, 37(1): 014203.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220653
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In this paper, a slamming model of composite laminate is established based on the Euler-Lagrangian fluid-structure interaction method. The reliability of the numerical simulation method is verified through the comparison between numerical and experimental results. On this basis, a fluid-structure interaction slamming model of carbon fiber reinforced composite sandwich panels is established, and the progressive damage evolution mode of composite sandwich panels is investigated by VUMAT subroutine. The hydrodynamic force, flow jet, and water pressure distribution as well as slamming damage characteristics of composite sandwich panels are analyzed. Finally, the effects of slamming speed and deadrise angle on the slamming damage characteristics are investigated. The results show that the hydrodynamic force has gone through four stages including the initial growth stage, fluctuating stage, sharp rise stage and rapid decreasing stage during the slamming process. The matrix tensile damage and delamination damage of composite sandwich plates are accumulated under slamming loading. With the increase of the slamming speed and deadrise angle, the hydrodynamic force and slamming damage significantly increase.

High Pressure Applications
Numerical Simulation of Projectile Penetrating Double-Layer Plate Liquid-Filled Structure Based on Material Point Method
XIE Guilan, SONG Muqing, GONG Shuguang, HOU Kun, ZUO Lilai, XIAO Fangyu
2023, 37(1): 015101.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220602
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The double-layer plate air-container set in the liquid-filled structure can effectively reduce the harm caused by the hydrodynamic ram. In order to study the influence mechanism of the spacing and position of the double-layer plate on the hydrodynamic ram process, the numerical simulation of projectile penetration into the double-layer plate liquid-filled structure was carried out based on the material point method (MPM). The validity of the MPM numerical model is verified by experiments. The cavitation process, the residual velocity of projectile, the peak pressure of liquid at fixed points, the deformation of entry wall, exit wall and the double-layer plates were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the spacing of the double-layer plate, the deformation of the liquid-filled structure shows a trend of first reducing and then increasing. The closer the position of the double-layer plate to the entry wall, the stronger the obstruction of the transmission of pressure shock wave, and the better the penetration resistance of the liquid-filled structure.

Effect of Initiation Eccentricity on Shaped Charge Jet Forming Process and Power Parameters
XU Hengwei, LIANG Bin, LIU Junxin, LU Yonggang, OU Xiaohong
2023, 37(1): 015102.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220635
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In order to study the influence of off-axis initiation on shaped charge jet, the finite element software LS-DYNA was used to simulate the jet forming and armor breaking process under different eccentricities (0.025Dk–0.125Dk, Dk is shaped charge diameter). The asymmetric collapse degree of the liner, jet shape and lateral velocity were investigated. A theoretical model was established to analyze the lateral velocity distribution of jet under different eccentricities. Based on the orthogonal experimental design theory and analysis of variance, the significant difference of the influence degree of each factor on the evaluation index was discussed. The results show that the degree of asymmetric collapse and lateral velocity of jet are positively correlated with the offset. When the offset is 0.025Dk, the percentage of penetration depth was only 0.7%. However, when the eccentricity was 0.050Dk, the percentage of penetration depth suddenly jumped to 12.4%. Moreover, the penetration depth continues to decrease with the increase of offset, seriously affecting the jet’s penetration performance. In addition, the influence of off-axis initiation on jet lateral velocity can be compensated by increasing the thickness of liner and the explosive height above liner.

Similar Analysis of PELE Penetrating Metal Target Fragmentation Effect
XU Lizhi, HAN Zhiyuan, ZHOU Feng, PANG Shiming, DU Zhonghua, GAO Guangfa
2023, 37(1): 015103.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220662
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To study similar law of the fragmentation effect of penetrator with enhanced lateral effects (PELE) penetrating a metal target plate, breaking length of the PELE jacket and scattering radius of the fragments behind target are selected as two physical parameters to measure the fragmentation effect of PELE. A similar analysis on the fragmentation effect of PELE was conducted based on dimensional theory. Four groups of scaling model simulations were carried out using AUTODYN software, and two groups of scaling model verification tests were done. It is determined that the fragmentation effect of PELE satisfies geometric similar law through the similar theory analysis, and in the range of 800–2000 m/s impact velocity, the normalized breaking length of jacket and dispersion radius of fragments both increase linearly with the impact velocity in the simulation and test results, which proves that the fragmentation effect of PELE penetrating the metal target satisfies the geometric similarity law.

Influence Mechanism of Different Magnetic Wires on Hydrogen Explosion
HU Shoutao, HONG Zijin, YANG Xigang, NIE Baisheng, LI Ruxia, WANG Le, GAO Jiancun
2023, 37(1): 015201.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220611
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For exploring the new technologies of hydrogen explosion prevention and the development of new barrier and explosion-proof materials, the effects of anti-magnetic aluminum wire and ferromagnetic nickel wire on premixed hydrogen-air explosion pressure were carried out. The CHEMKIN-PRO software was used to simulate the reaction path and temperature sensitivity changes during hydrogen explosion. The experimental results show that the two metal wires have a dual effect on the explosion of hydrogen-air mixture. When the volume fraction of hydrogen in the mixture is less than 20%, the metal wire material inhibits hydrogen explosion, and the larger the filling amount of the material, the stronger the inhibition. When the volume fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is higher than 25%, the two metal wires promote hydrogen explosion, and the larger the filling amount, the stronger the promotion. In the stage of promoting explosion, the effect of nickel wire is weaker than that of aluminum wire, in the explosion suppression stage, the explosion suppression effect of nickel wire is better than that of aluminum wire. The inhibition or promotion effect of metal materials on gas explosion is determined by the concentration and properties of gas and the filling amount of materials. Changing the filling amount of materials will lead to changes in the performance of inhibiting/promoting hydrogen explosion. The simulation results show that •H, •O, and •OH are the key free radicals in the process of hydrogen explosion, and the change of reaction rate and sensitivity directly determine the explosion intensity. Among the main elementary reactions that affect hydrogen explosion, R2 has the greatest impact on the formation rate of hydrogen, and R1 has the greatest impact on hydrogen and temperature during explosion. The main elementary reactions that affect the change of temperature sensitivity have a promoting effect on explosion. The influence mechanism of different magnetic wires on hydrogen explosion was revealed by experiment and numerical simulation.

Initiation Mechanism of Detonation Wave in an Annular Channel
HE Shunjiang, REN Huilan, LI Jian
2023, 37(1): 015202.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220610
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The design of annular combustion chamber and pre-detonation tube of rotary detonation engines is the key factor affecting the ignition performance of the engines. In order to obtain the detonation initiation mechanism in an annular combustion chamber, the multi-frame short-time shutter-opening method was used in experiment to study the propagation process and mode of the detonation wave of acetylene and oxygen with different argon dilutions entering an annular channel tangentially through a straight pipe. We focus on the mechanism of detonation wave failure and reinitiation. By analyzing the cellular mode, it is found that the propagation mode of the detonation wave in the annular channel can be divided into three states: subcritical, critical and supercritical. The detonation wave in the annular channel propagates clockwise and counterclockwise at the same time. Depending on the initial pressure and the width of the channel, there can be a mode of complete detonation, a mode of detonation-reignition, and a mode of no detonation at all, corresponding to subcritical, critical and supercritical states. The order in which the three states appear in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions are not consistent, and the counterclockwise propagation is more likely to be extinguished. The study also found that reinitiation is achieved in two ways. One is by decoupling the reflection of the detonation wave from the inner wall surface and the subsequent lateral detonation wave, and the other is by burning to detonation. By analyzing the critical tube diameter of the straight tube, it is found that the critical tube diameter approaches the unstable detonation in the classical diffraction problem as the width of the channel increases, regardless of whether the detonation wave of acetylene and oxygen is diluted by high concentration or low concentration of argon gas. The experimental results can provide technical support for the structural design of the combustion chamber and pre-detonation tube of rotary detonation engines.

Experimental Study on Delay Time Optimization of Tunnel Cutting Holes and Caving Holes under Electronic Detonator Initiation Condition
LI Hongwei, WU Yanmeng, WU Lihui, YANG Saiqun, GUAN Yueqiang, HUANG Xinxu, ZHANG Wanlong
2023, 37(1): 015301.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220638
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The initiation delay time seriously affects the efficiency of tunnel blasting excavation. It is of great significance to study the improvement of rock fragmentation effect and tunneling efficiency under the electronic detonator initiation condition via precise control blasting. The similarity model test of delay time between the cutting holes and the caving holes in tunnel blasting was conducted, and the rock fragmentation characteristics under different delay time were analyzed. The results show that it can be seen from the model test that the electronic detonator has obvious advantages in improving the blasting effect in tunnel blasting for its precise delay ability. In addition, the similarity relationship of the initiation delay time between the model and field tests was summarized. According to the field test, when the best delay time between the cutting holes and the caving holes is 15−25 ms, the utilization rate of the blast-holes is the highest. Guided by the similarity theory, the optimum delay time drawn from the model test is 8–24 ms, showing a good agreement with the field test. This paper is of reference for the selection of delay time between the cutting holes and the caving holes in tunnel blasting.

Ultimate Support Force of Excavation Face of Super-Large Rectangular Shield Tunnel Crossing High-Speed Railway in Composite Stratum
NING Maoquan, TANG Zaixing, LIU Shunshui, MA Jianfei, CUI Guangyao
2023, 37(1): 015302.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220621
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To ensure the face stability of the super-large rectangular shield tunnel, based on a super-large rectangular shield tunnel, the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring are used to study the ultimate support force of the super-large rectangular shield tunnel crossing the high-speed railway in the composite stratum. The critical failure mode of excavation surface of super-large rectangular shield tunnel crossing high-speed railway in a composite stratum is proposed, and the calculation method of ultimate support force is deduced based on the ultimate equilibrium theory. The results of numerical simulation and field monitoring show that the errors between the proposed ultimate support force calculation method and numerical simulation as well as the proposed ultimate support force calculation method and field monitoring are 10.40%–18.30% and 11.19%–16.85%, respectively. The formula of ultimate support force is safe and reliable, and can be applied to practical engineering. The research conclusion can provide a reference for the stability control of excavation face in similar projects.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Shear Stress on Phase Transition in c-Axis CdS Single Crystal under Dynamic Loading
TANG Zhi-Ping, Gupta Y M
1989, 3(4): 290-297 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.1989.04.005
[Abstract](13407) [PDF 8643KB](2181)
Abstract:
For a long time, the problem whether shear stress affects the phase transition initial pressure is not well solved. Duvall and Graham suggested that cadmium sulfide (CdS) crystal could be used to study the effect of shear stress on the initial pressure of phase transition in c-axis CdS single crystal specimens under high velocity impact systematically. The axial stress of initial phase transition measured is T=(3.250.1) GPa, corresponding to a mean pressure pT=(2.290.07) GPa, which agrees the value 2.3 GPa of static results quite well within the experimental error. The shear stress in this case, T=0.72 GPa, is as high as 31.5% of the mean pressure. This result shows that the mechanism of phase transition may be assumed only to relate to a critical mean pressure or critical thermodynamic state, and the effect of shear stress can be ignored.
Flattening of Cylindrical Shells under External Uniform Pressure at Creep
Shesterikov S A, Lokochtchenko A M
1992, 6(4): 247-253 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.1992.04.002
[Abstract](9390) [PDF 2836KB](1947)
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Experimental studies of the deformation of cylindrical shells under creep to fracture conditions are described in this paper. Analyses of three series of test shells are given and experimental and theoretical results are compared with each other.
The Generation of 90 GPa Quasi-Hydrostatic Pressures and the Measurements of Pressure Distribution
LIU Zhen-Xian, CUI Qi-Liang, ZOU Guang-Tian
1989, 3(4): 284-289 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.1989.04.004
[Abstract](15219) [PDF 6073KB](2598)
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Quasi-hydrostatic pressures up to 90 GPa were obtained at room temperature in the diamond cell by using solid argon as pressure medium. The pressure distribution was determined by measuring the special shift of the R1 line of ruby at different positions within the sample chamber. Experimental results showed that the pressure differences (p) between the pressures at each point within the chamber and the mean pressure (p) were very small, ratios of p/p were less than 1.5% when below 80 GPa. The shape of ruby R lines at 90 GPa is similar to that at ambient pressure. Thus, quasi-hydrostatic pressure near 100 GPa can be obtained by using solid argon as pressure medium. Moreover, the red shifts with pressures of the peak positions at 14 938 and 14 431 cm-1 in ruby emission spectra, were also examined. It concluded that the line, 14 938 cm-1, can be adopted in the pressure calibration.
A Study on Calculation of the Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Metals
ZHENG Wei-Tao, DING Tao, ZHONG Feng-Lan, ZHANG Jian-Min, ZHANG Rui-Lin
1994, 8(4): 302-305 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.1994.04.010
[Abstract](15807) [PDF 1350KB](1080)
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Based on the expression of pressure at temperature T and in terms of the universal equation of state Debye model and the thermodynamic relations, a general expression for the calculation of the linear thermal expansion coefficients of metals is obtained. This formula applied to the calculation of Al, Cu, Pb. Calculated results are in good agreement with the experiments.
Development of Large Volume-High Static Pressure Techniques Based on the Hinge-Type Cubic Presses
WANG Hai-Kuo, HE Duan-Wei, XU Chao, GUAN Jun-Wei, WANG Wen-Dan, KOU Zi-Li, PENG Fang
2013, 27(5): 633-661.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2013.05.001
[Abstract](13900) [PDF 12118KB](947)
Abstract:
The large volume press (LVP) becomes more and more popular with the scientific and technological workers in the high pressure area, because it could generate relatively higher pressure, provide better hydrostatic pressure and could be utilized in conjunction with in situ X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and ultrasonic measurement. There have been generally two LVP techniques to generate high-pressure: the double-anvil apparatus and the multi-anvil apparatus (MAA). Hinge-type cubic presses, as the main apparatus in china, have been widely used in the fields of both scientific research and diamond industry. However, for a long time past, the maximum pressure using the conventional one-stage anvil system for hinge-type cubic press is about 6 GPa, and the techniques about two-stage apparatus (octahedral press) that could generate pressure exceed 20 GPa is blank in our country. To a certain extent, the backwardness of the LVP technology in china restricts the development of high pressure science and related subjects. In recent years, we designed two kinds of one-stage high pressure apparatus and the two-stage apparatus based on hinge-type cubic-anvil press, the one-stage high pressure apparatus and the two-stage apparatus using cemented carbide as anvils could generate pressures up to about 9 GPa and 20 GPa respectively. This article mainly reviews the mechanics structure, design of cell assembly, pressure and temperature calibration, design and preparation of the sintered diamond anvils and pressure calibration to 35 GPa using sintered diamond as two-stage anvils about the one-stage high pressure apparatus and the two-stage apparatus designed in our laboratory.
Research on Deformation Shape of Deformable Warhead
GONG Bai-Lin, LU Fang-Yun, LI Xiang-Yu
2010, 24(2): 102-106 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2010.02.004
[Abstract](8163) [PDF 1765KB](268)
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Basing on the detonation theory, the structure of the deformable warhead was simplified to be double layer cylindrical shells under the detonation. Plastic hinges were introduced into the loading section of the shell, which contacted with the deforming charge, and the deforming charge was divided into small segments accordingly. Loading and movement of these segments were analyzed. Deforming shape of the cylindrical shell under the loading with equal distribution was bulgy, and the displacement of shell segments was obtained. Deforming charge with different thickness, according to the displacement of the segment, was set up to realize the same displacement of the shell segments on the loading direction. The D-shape was achieved theoretically, and the shape of deforming charge was designed accordingly. Numerical simulation validated the feasibility of the designed plan. The results indicate that the deformable warhead with the new-designed deforming charge can realize the D-shape.
The Failure Strength Parameters of HJC and RHT Concrete Constitutive Models
ZHANG Ruo-Qi, DING Yu-Qing, TANG Wen-Hui, RAN Xian-Wen
2011, 25(1): 15-22 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2011.01.003
[Abstract](16909) [PDF 689KB](947)
Abstract:
The analyzed and calculated results indicate that the concrete failure strength will decrease under higher hydrostatic pressure, when the original failure parameters of HJC and RHT models implemented in LS-DYNA and AUTODYN are adopted. A new method is introduced which using the characteristic strength of concrete to confirm the modified failure parameters of HJC and RHT models. The same physical experiment of concrete penetration was simulated using the modified HJC and RHT failure parameters respectively, and the numerical results demonstrated that the RHT model matched the experiments much better. But the numerical results with the HJC modified failure parameters were not enough satisfied, because the third invariant of the deviated stress tensor was not considered in the HJC model.
Modification of Tuler-Butcher Model with Damage Influence
JIANG Dong, LI Yong-Chi, GUO Yang
2009, 23(4): 271-276 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2009.04.006
[Abstract](10543) [PDF 402KB](749)
Abstract:
A modificatin of Tuler-Butcher model including damage influence was presented, which was incorporated into a hydrodynamic one-dimensional finite difference computer code, to simulate the process of spall fracture of 45 steel and Al-Li alloy. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data, and shows the correctness of the model.
Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Cylindrical Explosive Isostatic Pressing
CHEN Lang, LU Jian-Ying, ZHANG Ming, HAN Chao, FENG Chang-Gen
2008, 22(2): 113-117 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2008.02.001
[Abstract](13420) [PDF 1180KB](790)
Abstract:
The experiments of cylindrical explosive isostatic pressing were carried out. The internal temperatures in pressed explosives were measured by thermocouples. A thermal/structural coupled model of the explosive isostatic pressing was set up. The numerical simulations of cylindrical explosive were conducted. The calculated pressures and temperatures in explosives were given. The deformations,pressures and temperatures distribution were analyzed. The calculated results indicated that each surface center of the cylindrical explosive was sunken by isostatic pressing. During the isostatic pressing of cylindrical explosive, the internal temperature of the explosives increases, and the temperature and pressure are not uniform.
Recent Progresses in Some Fields of High-Pressure Physics Relevant to Earth Sciences Achieved by Chinese Scientists
LIU Xi, DAI Li-Dong, DENG Li-Wei, FAN Da-Wei, LIU Qiong, NI Huai-Wei, SUN Qiang, WU Xiang, YANG Xiao-Zhi, ZHAI Shuang-Meng, ZHANG Bao-Hua, ZHANG Li, LI He-Ping
2017, 31(6): 657-681.   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2017.06.001
[Abstract](10681) [FullText HTML](4577) [PDF 2527KB](4577)
Abstract:

In the last 10 years or so, nearly all major Chinese universities, schools and research institutes with strong Earth science programs showed strong interest in developing a new research branch of High-Pressure Earth Sciences.As a result, many young Chinese scientists with good training from the universities in the west countries were recruited.This directly led to a fast growing period of about 10 years for the Chinese high-pressure mineral physics research field.Here we take the advantage of celebrating the 30th anniversary of launching the Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, and present a brief summary of the new accomplishments made by the Chinese scientists in the fields of high-pressure mineral physics relevant to Earth sciences.The research fields include:(1) phase transitions in the lower mantle; (2) high spin-low spin transitions of iron in lower mantle minerals; (3) physical properties of the Earth core; (4) electrical measurements of rocks; (5) electrical measurements of minerals; (6) elasticity of minerals (especially equation of states); (7) high-pressure spectroscopic studies; (8) chemical diffusions in minerals; (9) ultrasonic measurements under high pressure; (10) physical properties of silicate melts; (11) geological fluids.In sum, the last 10 years have seen a rapid development of the Chinese high-pressure mineral physics, with the number of scientific papers increasing enormously and the impact of the scientific findings enhancing significantly.With this good start, the next 10 years will be critical and require all Chinese scientists in the research field to play active roles in their scientific activities, if a higher and advanced level is the goal for the Chinese mineral physics community.

Perimeter-Area Relation of Fractal Island
LONG Qi-Wei
1990, 4(4): 259-262 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.1990.04.004
[Abstract](15539) [PDF 1508KB](2327)
Abstract:
The relationship of perimeter with area (P/A relation) of fractal island is discussed. It is shown that Mandelbrot's fractal relation between Koch perimeter and area does not hold in the island with finite self-similar generations. This might be the reason why the fractal dimension measured with P/A relation varied with the length of yardstick in previous work.
Long-Distance Flight Performances of Spherical Fragments
TAN Duo-Wang, WEN Dian-Ying, ZHANG Zhong-Bin, YU Chuan, XIE Pan-Hai
2002, 16(4): 271-275 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2002.04.006
[Abstract](14059) [PDF 2450KB](853)
Abstract:
Using two-stage light gas gun and laser technique for velocity easurement, we studied the long-distance flight performances of spherical fragments with different materials and different diameters. The flight distance is 60~120 m, and the initial velocity is 1.2~2.2 km/s. The experimental results show that: (1) the velocity attenuation coefficient of spherical fragment is constant, and (2) the air drag coefficient is slightly affected by the initial velocity of spherical fragment, the air drag coefficient is a linear function of initial velocity.
Factors Analysis of Debris Cloud's Shape of Hypervelocity Impact
TANG Mi, BAI Jing-Song, LI Ping, ZHANG Zhan-Ji
2007, 21(4): 425-432 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2007.04.016
[Abstract](13173) [PDF 1599KB](696)
Abstract:
The numerical simulations of hypervelocity impact of Al-spheres on bumper at normal are carried out using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. The simulation results are compared with experimental results, and the simulated hole diameters of bumper and debris cloud are well consistent with experimental results. The effect of impact velocity, bumper thickness, projectile diameter, materials, shape of projectile, interval on produced debris cloud are further analyzed. Regarding the length and diameter as index, orthogonal design method is applied to analyze the primary and secondary relations on the debris cloud's index of the three factors, that is impact velocity, bumper thickness and projectile diameter. The results indicate that bumper thickness is the main influence factor of debris cloud's length while projectile diameter is the main influence factor of debris cloud's diameter.
Detonation Shock Dynamics Calibration of JB-9014 Explosive at Ambient Temperature
TAN Duo-Wang, FANG Qing, ZHANG Guang-Sheng, HE Zhi
2009, 23(3): 161-166 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2009.03.001
[Abstract](14106) [PDF 794KB](790)
Abstract:
Detonation shock dynamics (DSD) is an approximation to the reactive Euler equations that allows numerically efficient tracking of curved detonation waves. The DSD parameters are the velocity curvature relation and the boundary angle. A computer code was developed to facilitate the calibration of these parameters for JB-9014 insensitive high explosive using the generalized optics model of DSD. Calibration data were obtained from measurements of the detonation velocities and fronts in JB-9014 rate sticks at ambient temperature, with diameters of 10~30 mm. The steady state detonation velocities and fronts predicted by these DSD parameters are in very good agreement with experiment.
Shock Wave Physics: The Coming Challenges and Exciting Opportunities in the New Century-Introduction of the 12th International Conference of Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM-2001)
GONG Zi-Zheng
2002, 16(2): 152-160 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2002.02.012
[Abstract](14028) [PDF 500KB](838)
Abstract:
The 12th Biennial International Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM-2001) was introduced. Papers presented in SCCM-2001 were surveyed and the recent progresses on shock compression of condensed matter were retrospected. The basic paradigms and the great achievements of the physics and mechanics of condensed matter at high dynamic pressure and stress were surveyed and revaluated. The coming challenges and exciting opportunities of shock wave physics in the 21 century were prospected.
Design of the Sample Assembly for Ultrasonic Measurement at High Pressure and 300 K in Six-Side Anvil Cell
WANG Qing-Song, WANG Zhi-Gang, BI Yan
2006, 20(3): 331-336 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2006.03.019
[Abstract](10682) [PDF 411KB](614)
Abstract:
We introduced briefly the principle of design of sample assembly for ultrasonic measurements at high pressure, and designed a new kind of sample assembly to measure the isothermal compression of Al and Cu at 300 K. Ideal quasi-hydrostatic loading was realized, and high-quality ultrasonic signals were obtained under high pressure. It was indicated that the design of sample assembly was reasonable. We analyzed in brief main uncertainty of ultrasonic measurement in six-side anvil cell at 300 K.
Design and Temperature Calibration for Heater Cell of Split-Sphere High Pressure Apparatus Based on the Hinge-Type Cubic-Anvil Press
CHEN Xiao-Fang, HE Duan-Wei, WANG Fu-Long, ZHANG Jian, LI Yong-Jun, FANG Lei-Ming, LEI Li, KOU Zi-Li
2009, 23(2): 98-104 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2009.02.004
[Abstract](14583) [PDF 4054KB](772)
Abstract:
A new type of heater cell for the split-sphere high pressure apparatus based on the hinge-type cubic-anvil press was reported. This heating apparatus has the advantages of being simple, low cost, fast temperature rising, good heat insulation, and the temperature signal can be easily extracted. Carbon tube was used as a heating element for side-heating in our experiments. The size of the sample in the cell can reach 3 mm in diameter, and 7 mm in height. The relationship between the heating electric power and cell temperature was calibrated with Pt6%Rh-Pt30%Rt thermocouples under different pressures. The experimental results indicate that the temperature can reach 1 700 ℃ under the oil hydraulic pressure of 40 MPa (cell pressure is about 10 GPa).The temperature can keep stable for more than 2 h under a fixed power.
The Constitutive Relationship between High Pressure-High Strain Rate and Low Pressure-High Strain Rate Experiment
CHEN Da-Nian, LIU Guo-Qing, YU Yu-Ying, WANG Huan-Ran, XIE Shu-Gang
2005, 19(3): 193-200 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2005.03.001
[Abstract](10612) [PDF 416KB](744)
Abstract:
It is indicated that the constitutive equations at high strain rates proposed by Johnson-Cook(J-C), Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A) and Bodner-Parton (B-P) collapse the data of flow stress in compression, tension, torsion, and shear into simple curve with the scalar quatities 'effective' stress and 'effective' strain, however, the collapsed data of flow stress did not include the data in the planar shock wave tests. The SCG constitutive equation proposed by Steinberg et al for the planar shock wave tests is discussed, which describes the coupled high pressure and high strain rate effects on the plastic deformation of materials. Basing on the recent experiments at elevated temperatures and high strain rates and the shear strength measurements during shock loading, the flow stress for tungsten at high pressure and high strain rates is estimated with J-C and SCG constitutive equations, respectively. It is concluded that the J-C, Z-A and B-P constitutive equations may not be appropriate to describe the plastic behavior of materials at high pressure and high strain rates, comparing with SCG constitutive equation. It is emphasized that the physical background of the constitutive equation at high pressure and high strain rates is different from that at low pressure and high strain rates.
Phase Evolution of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Prepared by Shock-Wave Quenching under High Temperature and High Pressure
YANG Chao, CHEN Wei-Ping, ZHAN Zai-Ji, JIANG Jian-Zhong
2007, 21(3): 283-288 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2007.03.011
[Abstract](13831) [PDF 534KB](687)
Abstract:
Phase evolution (PH) of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) prepared by shock-wave quenching has been studied under high-temperature and high-pressure using in situ synchrotron radiation energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The results show that the primarily precipitated phase is Zr2Be17 at applied pressures, but the subsequent PH processes are different. The crystallization temperature increases with pressure, but with a sudden drop at about 6.0 GPa. Compared with experimental results of the BMG prepared by water quenching, it can be concluded that crystallization temperature of the BMGs prepared by shock-wave quenching and water quenching all drop at the same pressure region, at which their PHs are different from those of other pressures. The different PHs and the drop of crystallization temperature may be attributed to that the BMG possesses different atomic configuration at different pressures.
Explosive Shock Synthesis of Wurtzite Type Boron Nitride
TAN Hua, HAN Jun-Wan, WANG Xiao-Jiang, SU Lin-Xiang, LIU Li, LIU Jiang, CUI Ling
1991, 5(4): 241-253 .   doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.1991.04.001
[Abstract](11857) [PDF 4689KB](2133)
Abstract:
Reported in the paper are techniques of wurtzite type boron nitride (wBN) synthesis from graphite type BN (gBN) by means of shock compressions created via explosive detonation. Recovered samples after shock processing are treated with molten alkalis and hydrochloric acid. Despite that the domestic gBN materials we used are far inferior, both in the crystallinities and particle sizes, to those used in foreign countries for the purpose of shock synthesis of wBN, the yield of our wBN reaches 11 to 12 g per shot, with a convertion ratio over 50%; X-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses reveal that the total impurity content of this chemically extracted wurtzite type boron nitride product is less than 0.5%. Four different starting gBN from different manufacturers were used in the experiments to synthesis wBN under the same conditions of shock compressions. It is found that the yield of wBN is closely related to the crystallinity of the starting gBN materials. Specific area measurements and XRD analysis indicate that our wBN is a polycrystal super-fine powder material with average particle size of 0.1 m, which consists of many primary crystallites of 17.5 nm in dimension. Thermal stability of our wBN powder is characterized by the emergence of an exothermic peak in the atmospheric gas condition from DTA analysis. Initial temperature of this exothermic reaction is about 1 055 K and peak temperature 1 238 K.

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Chinese Physical Society

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Editor-in-Chief:ZOU Guangtian