碳化硅色心高压量子精密测量

刘琳; 王俊峰; 刘晓迪

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230750

碳化硅色心高压量子精密测量

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230750

刘琳^1,,
王俊峰²,
刘晓迪^1,*, ,

1.
中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院固体物理研究所, 安徽合肥　230031
2.
四川大学物理学院, 四川成都　610065

基金项目: 中国科学院青年创新促进会基金（2021446）；中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院院长基金（BJPY2022B02，YZJJ202102，YZJJ-GGZX-2022-01，2021YZGH03）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　琳（1997－），女，博士研究生，主要从事高压下色心的性质与应用研究. E-mail：liulin97@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘晓迪（1986－），女，博士，研究员，主要从事高压下氢等低Z元素的结构和物性以及高压下色心的性质及应用研究. E-mail：xiaodi@issp.ac.cn

中图分类号: O521.3; O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-10
- 修回日期: 2023-11-22
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-15

Quantum Magnetic Measurement under High Pressure Based on Color Centres in Silicon Carbide

LIU Lin^1
,,
WANG Junfeng²,
LIU Xiaodi^{1,*
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
2.
College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 高压下的量子精密测量对于研究极端环境下的物质结构及演化具有重要意义。针对传统方法难以实现高压下原位高分辨率磁探测的难题，近年来提出了基于固态色心的高压量子精密测量技术，并取得了一系列重要进展，对于推动极端条件下的物质研究具有重要意义。本文主要聚焦基于碳化硅色心的高压量子精密测量，回顾了碳化硅中硅空位色心和双空位色心在高压下的光学和自旋性质，介绍了利用碳化硅色心光探测磁共振技术进行的高压量子传感，包括Nd₂Fe₁₄B的磁性相变、YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6超导体的超导转变温度-压力相图等，展示了基于碳化硅色心的高压量子精密测量在压力传感、压致磁性相变以及压致超导转变方面的应用。
- 碳化硅色心 /
- 高压 /
- 磁测量 /
- 光探测磁共振 /
- 压致超导转变
Abstract: The quantum precision magnetic measurement in high-pressure environments is of great significance for studying the evolution and structure of matter under an extreme environment. Given the challenges associated with achieving in-situ high-resolution magnetic detection under high pressure by using traditional methods, the proposed high-pressure quantum magnetic measurement based on solid-state color centres has made significant progress in recent years. This advancement is of great significance in advancing the study of matter under high pressure. And this paper primarily focuses on the research of quantum magnetic measurement using SiC color centres under high pressure. The optical and spin properties of silicon vacancy defects and divacancy defects in SiC under high pressure is reviewed. Furthermore, the magnetic phase transition of Nd₂Fe₁₄B is observed, and the critical temperature-pressure phase diagram of the superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6 is mapped out. This work reviews and highlights the potential of silicon vacancy-based quantum sensors for in situ magnetic detection at high pressures. Its applications in pressure sensing, pressure-induced magnetic phase transformation and pressure-induced superconducting transformation are also presented.
- color centres in SiC /
- high pressure /
- magnetic measurement /
- optical detected magnetic resonance /
- pressure-induced superconducting transformation

HTML全文

图 1 4H-SiC中硅空位^[18] (a)、双空位^[19] (b)、4种氮空位色心^[20] (c)的晶体结构

Figure 1. Silicon vacancies^[18] (a), divacancy defect structure^[19] (b) and four different NV centres^[20] (c) in 4H-SiC

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图 2 (a) 不同压力下硅空位色心的室温荧光光谱^[24]，(b) 4H-SiC中硅空位色心的基态（2D_G）零场分裂随温度的变化^[25]，(c) 31 Gs磁场下的常压拉比振荡^[24]，(d) 相干时间T₂随压力的变化曲线^[24]

Figure 2. (a) Room temperature PL spectra of the V_Si defects at different pressures^[24]; (b) the ground state (2D_G) zero-field splitting in the V_Si centre of 4H-SiC as a function of temperature^[25]; (c) Rabi oscillations at a magnetic field of 31 Gs at ambient pressure^[24]; (d) T₂ as a function of pressure^[24]

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图 3 (a) 温度为20～300 K时4H-SiC的光致发光光谱^[19]，(b) 温度为25 K时不同压力下双空位色心的低温荧光光谱^[27]，(c) 20 K低温时6种不同双色心（PL1～PL6）的光致发光谱^[19]

Figure 3. (a) Photoluminescence spectra of 4H-SiC at sample temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 K^[19]; (b) low-temperature fluorescence spectra of divacancy under different pressures at 25 K^[27]; (c) an expanded view of low-temperature (20 K) photoluminescence showing the six defect lines (PL1–PL6)^[19]

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图 4 双空位PL5色心在不同压力下的拉比振荡测量(a)、自旋回波测量(b)以及自旋相干时间T₂随压力（最高至36 GPa）的变化(c)^[27]

Figure 4. Rabi oscillation measurements of PL5 at different pressures (a); spin echo measurements at different pressures (b) and measured spin coherence time T₂ as a function of pressure up to 36 GPa (c)^[27]

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图 5 零场、不同压力下硅空位色心的ODMR谱(a)及零场分裂参数D随压力的变化(b)^[24]

Figure 5. ODMR spectra of silicon vacancy defects at zero field and different pressures (a) and the variation of zero-field splitting parameter D with pressure (b)^[24]

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图 6 (a) 双空位PL5、PL6、PL7色心的ODMR共振峰随压力的变化，(b) 双空位PL5色心的ODMR对比度随压力的变化^[27]

Figure 6. (a) Variations of ODMR formant with pressure for divacancy PL5, PL6 and PL7 defects; (b) ODMR contrast as a function of the pressure^[27]

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图 7 利用硅空位色心探测钕铁硼磁性材料的压力诱导磁性相变^[24] ：(a) 硅空位色心和Nd₂Fe₁₄B样品的共聚焦扫描图，(b) 压力诱导磁相变过程中磁场的变化示意图（B_c、B_NdFeB和B_tot分别表示外加的c轴磁场、Nd₂Fe₁₄B的磁场和硅空位色心的总磁场），(c) 参考点和测量点的硅空位色心ODMR谱，(d) 利用硅空位色心测量的高压下Nd₂Fe₁₄B样品的磁场变化

Figure 7. Detection of the pressure-induced magnetic transition of a Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnet using shallow V_Si defects^[24]: (a) confocal scanning microscopy image of V_Si defects and Nd₂Fe₁₄B sample on the culet surface; (b) local magnetic field vectors during the pressure-induced magnetic phase transition (B_c, B_NdFeB and B_tot represent the magnetic field of the c-axis, Nd₂Fe₁₄B sample and the total magnetic field on the V_Si defects, respectively); (c) ODMR spectra of V_Si defects in the detected and reference position; (d) the magnetic fields of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B sample were measured using V_Si defects

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图 8 利用硅空位色心对YBCO超导材料的T-p相图进行探测^[24]：(a) 硅空位色心和YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6样品的共聚焦扫描图，(b) 9.0 GPa下不同温度的硅空位色心ODMR谱，(c) 9.0 GPa下ODMR峰分裂随温度的变化，(d) 不同压力下ODMR峰分裂随温度的变化，(e) YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6的超导转变温度-压力相图

Figure 8. Detection of the temperature-pressure phase diagram of superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6 using shallow V_Si defects^[24]: (a) confocal scanning microscopy image of the V_Si defects and YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6 sample; (b) ODMR spectra of V_Si defects at different temperatures at 9.0 GPa; (c) the ODMR splitting with temperature at 9.0 GPa; (d) the ODMR splitting with temperature under different pressures; (e) the YBa₂Cu₃O_6.6 T_c-pressure phase diagram

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图 9 利用双空位PL6色心探测Nd₂Fe₁₄B的压力诱导磁转变^[27]：(a) 双空位PL6色心的D随压力线性增大；(b) 双空位PL6色心和Nd₂Fe₁₄B的共聚焦扫描图，中间蓝色部分代表Nd₂Fe₁₄B样品；(c) 不同压力下双空位PL6色心的ODMR谱；(d) 通过PL6色心检测Nd₂Fe₁₄B样品的磁场

Figure 9. Detection of pressure-induced magnetic phase transition of a Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnet using PL6 defects^[27]: (a) measured D increases linearly as the pressure increases; (b) confocal scanning microscopy image of PL6 defects and Nd₂Fe₁₄B sample on the culet surface; (c) ODMR spectra of PL6 defects under different pressures; (d) magnetic field of Nd₂Fe₁₄B sample detected by PL6 defects

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