Recovery of Expansion Fracture Fragments of a 45 Steel Hemispherical Shell Driven by Detonation
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摘要: 基于爆炸驱动金属半球壳产生的破片速度分布特点，设计了聚氨酯泡沫/水/聚氨酯泡沫3层介质组合的破片全回收系统。聚氨酯泡沫桶由侧壁与底部一次成型的3个泡沫桶组件拼接，结构紧凑，防水性能高。在泡沫桶底部盛水并增加一定厚度的漂浮泡沫板，加强了回收池底部防护。采用该泡沫桶开展了中心点起爆驱动45钢半球壳膨胀断裂的全回收实验。实验结果表明，破片回收率超过88%，破片内外表面辨识度高，绝大多数破片穿透泡沫桶侧壁和漂浮泡沫板并沉入水底。漂浮泡沫板和底部水层对破片速度的衰减效果明显，泡沫桶底部无破片侵彻。新设计的回收系统可回收接近2π立体角的飞散破片，表明该回收系统的适用范围涵盖了实验装置在起爆点单边的爆轰实验，拓展了该回收池可回收的破片种类。此外，新系统将竖直方向的组合衰减层总尺寸减至70 cm，为进一步优化和减小回收池尺寸提供了依据。根据破片测量数据，给出了破片质量分布结果，以及回收破片的平均厚度、平均尺寸等相关信息，并简要分析了半球壳破片与柱壳破片的特征差异，继而推算出半球壳断裂应变明显小于柱壳的断裂应变，为不同应力状态的壳层膨胀断裂机制研究提供了有益的实验数据支撑。Abstract: Based on the velocity distribution of fragments of a metal hemispherical shell subjected to explosive loading, a new fragment recovery system with the combination of polyurethane, water and polyurethane medium was designed. The applied waterproof polyurethane foam barrel is made up of three symmetric components each with sidewall and bottom formed in a mold. The foam barrel is filled with water at the bottom, and an additional floating foam board with a certain thickness is applied in order to protect the outer recovery tank from the impact of fragments. The full recovery experiment with the foam barrel was carried out for a 45 steel hemispherical shell under central point explosion. The results showed that more than 88% fragments, which penetrated through the sidewall of the foam barrel and the floating foam board, could be directly recovered from the bottom of the recovery tank. The fragments have well discernible inner and outer surfaces. The floating board and water would effectively reduce the speed of formed fragments, and the bottom of the foam barrel remained undamaged. The newly designed recovery system can recover flying fragments close to 2π solid angles, thus is suitable for a large range of recovery experiments in which experiment device is on one side of the initiation point. This indicates the appearance type of experiment devices is extended. Besides, the new system reduces the total size of the combined attenuation layer to 70 cm in the vertical direction, thus providing a basis for further optimizing and reducing the size of the recovery tank. The characteristic distribution of the fragment, including mass, thickness and size, et al., was analyzed based on the recovery technique. The difference of characteristic between hemispherical shell fragments and cylindrical shell fragments was also analyzed briefly. Results show that the fracture strain of hemispherical shell is obviously less than that of cylindrical shell. This research provides useful experimental data supporting the study of fracture mechanism of expanding shells under different stress states.
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Key words:
- expansion fracture /
- full-recovery /
- fragments of hemispherical shell /
- recovery tank
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图 3 半球壳和帽沿质点运动轨迹
Figure 3. Tracings of special points of hemispherical shell and bongrace
图 4 半球壳破片回收池布局示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 4. Overall layout of hemispherical shell fragment recovery tank (Unit: mm)
图 6 破片撞击不同介质组合的计算模型以及16 ms 时破片碰撞底板泡沫图像
Figure 6. Numerical model of flyer impacting on different media combinations and the result of deformation at 16 ms
图 7 采用不同介质组合时钢破片速度衰减曲线
Figure 7. Velocity attenuation curves of steel flyer under different media combinations
图 9 典型回收破片的内表面（左）和外表面（右）形貌
Figure 9. Morphologies of the external (left) and internal (right) surface of typical recovered fragments
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