不同尺寸HMX基压装装药的烤燃特性

董泽霖; 屈可朋; 胡雪垚; 肖玮; 王奕鑫

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230757

不同尺寸HMX基压装装药的烤燃特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230757

西安近代化学研究所，陕西西安　710065

基金项目: 国防重大基础研究专项

详细信息

作者简介:
董泽霖（1999－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事不敏感弹药研究. E-mail：1040774622@qq.com

通讯作者:
屈可朋（1983－），男，硕士，研究员，主要从事弹药材料动态力学响应及安全性评估研究.E-mail：qukepeng@gmail.com

中图分类号: O389; TJ55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-17
- 修回日期: 2023-11-06
- 录用日期: 2023-12-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-05

Cook-Off Characteristics of HMX-Based Pressed Charges with Different Sizes

Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究装药尺寸对压装装药烤燃特性的影响，针对HMX基压装装药，建立了压装装药烤燃过程的计算模型，利用Fluent软件对不同装药尺寸的烤燃样弹进行了数值模拟，计算了不同升温速率下装药尺寸对压装装药点火位置、响应温度和响应时间的影响规律。结果表明：在同一升温速率下，HMX基压装炸药装药长径比为1.0时，装药中心响应温度均为最高；装药长径比大于1.0时，装药中心点火温度均随长径比的增加而降低；当长径比增大到一定程度时，装药中心的响应温度趋于恒值。装药的点火位置由升温速率和装药尺寸共同决定，且装药端面与曲面的传热量之比与长径比的平方成反比。当升温缓慢或长径比较小时，装药的点火位置位于装药中心；当升温速率较高且长径比较大时，装药的点火位置逐渐远离装药中心。
- HMX基炸药 /
- 压装装药 /
- 烤燃试验 /
- 装药尺寸
Abstract: In order to study the effect of charge size on the cook-off characteristics of pressed charges, the calculation model of cook-off process was established for HMX-based pressed charges. The cook-off bombs with different charge sizes were simulated by Fluent software, the effect of charge size on the ignition position, response temperature and response time of pressed charges at different heating rates was calculated. It was found that, at the same heating rate, the response temperature of the charge center is the highest when the length-diameter ratio of HMX-based pressed explosive is 1.0, and the ignition temperature of the charge center decreases with the increase of the length-diameter ratio when the length-diameter ratio is greater than 1.0. When the length-diameter ratio increases to a certain extent, the response temperature of the charge center tends to be a constant. The ignition position of the charge is determined by both the heating rate and the size of the charge, and the ratio of heat transfer between the end face and the periphery face of the charge is inversely proportional to the square of the length-diameter ratio. When the heating rate is slow or the length-diameter ratio is small, the ignition position of the charge is located at the charge center; when the heating rate is fast and the length-diameter ratio is large, the ignition position of the charge is gradually away from the charge center.
- HMX-based explosive /
- pressed charge /
- cook-off test /
- charge size

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图 1 试验布局及测温点示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of test layout and temperature measurement points

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图 2 烤燃样弹的计算网格模型

Figure 2. Computational grid model of cook-off bomb

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图 3 测点A的试验及数值模拟温度曲线

Figure 3. Test and numerical simulation of temperature curves at measuring point A

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图 4 不同升温速率下典型尺寸装药的试验结果

Figure 4. Test results of typical-size charges at different heating rates

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图 5 不同升温速率下典型尺寸装药的计算结果

Figure 5. Calculated results of typical-size charges at different heating rates

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图 6 0.7 ℃/min升温速率下不同装药尺寸样弹烤燃温度分布云图

Figure 6. Temperature contours of test bombs with different charge sizes at the heating rate of 0.7 ℃/min

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图 7 1.0 ℃/min升温速率下不同装药尺寸样弹烤燃温度分布云图

Figure 7. Temperature contours of test bombs with different charge sizes at the heating rate of 1.0 ℃/min

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图 8 装药中心响应温度与升温速率的关系曲线

Figure 8. Curves of the relationship between response temperature at charge center and heating rate

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图 9 升温速率与不同尺寸装药点火时间差值的关系曲线

Figure 9. Curve of the relationship between heating rate and ignition time difference for different charge sizes

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图 10 不同测点响应温度与装药尺寸关系曲线

Figure 10. Relationships between response temperature at different measuring points and charge sizes

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表 1 HMX基压装装药及壳体材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of HMX-based pressed charge and shell

Material	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	λ/(J·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	C/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
30CrMnSi	7 850	10.1	550
HMX-based pressed charge	1 860	0.437	1 050
HMX	1 960	0.535 8	1 004.26
Binder (Kel-F)	2 020	1 000.4	0.052 7
Air	1.25	381	0.023

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表 2 铝粉的修正物性参数

Table 2. Modified physical parameters of aluminum powder

a	λ/(J·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	C/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	l/m
2.3×10⁻¹⁶	1.39	871	2719	5×10⁻⁶

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表 3 HMX压装装药热分解反应动力学参数

Table 3. Kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition reaction of HMX explosive

Material	i	E/(MJ·mol⁻¹)	Z/s⁻¹	Q/(MJ·kg⁻¹)
HMX-based pressed charge		1.60	2.0×10¹⁸	0.20
HMX	1	0.22	1.4×10²¹	0.42
	2	0.18	1.9×10¹⁶	1.30
	3	0.14	1.6×10¹²	5.00

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表 4 不同测点位置的响应温度及点火时间

Table 4. Response temperature and ignition time of different gauges

Method	t/s	δ/%	Measuring point A		Measuring point B		Measuring point C
Method	t/s	δ/%	T/℃	δ/%	T/℃	δ/%	T/℃	δ/%
Test	13 090		221.7		224.5		184.5
Frank-Kamenetskii model	13 640	4.2	214.4	3.3	230.1	2.5	188.7	2.3
McGuire-Tarver model	12 895	1.5	217.0	2.1	226.8	1.4	182.3	1.2

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表 5 HMX基压装装药测点D的响应温度计算结果

Table 5. Calculated response temperature of measuring point D of HMX-based pressed charges

r/(℃·min^–1)	Calculated response temperature of measuring point D/℃
r/(℃·min^–1)	L/D=0.5	L/D=1.0	L/D=2.0	L/D=3.0	L/D=4.0	L/D=5.0	L/D=6.0
0.1	245.4	248.2	246.2	248.6	243.4	245.6	246.3
0.5	245.0	245.6	240.2	237.4	234.9	230.0	230.2
0.7	236.4	240.5	236.8	231.6	231.0	229.9	229.9
1.0	232.6	239.7	236.3	231.2	226.5	225.2	225.1
2.0	227.2	229.6	212.2	207.4	206.0	205.8	205.7

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表 6 HMX基压装装药测点E的响应温度计算结果

Table 6. Calculated response temperature of measuring point E of HMX-based pressed charges

r/(℃·min^–1)	Calculated response temperature of measuring point E/℃
r/(℃·min^–1)	L/D=0.5	L/D=1.0	L/D=2.0	L/D=3.0	L/D=4.0	L/D=5.0	L/D=6.0
0.1	220.6	211.7	206.5	205.4	204.0	207.6	212.7
0.5	221.4	213.3	208.2	212.1	216.0	224.4	226.1
0.7	220.3	220.1	210.9	217.0	223.3	226.0	226.6
1.0	217.0	219.6	220.4	228.1	231.5	228.9	228.2
2.0	215.2	219.0	226.8	225.6	212.4	210.8	207.0

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表 7 不同装药尺寸样弹的烤燃响应时间计算结果

Table 7. Calculated cook-off response time of test bombs with different charge sizes

r/(℃·min^–1)	Calculated cook-off response time/s
r/(℃·min^–1)	L/D=0.5	L/D=1.0	L/D=2.0	L/D=3.0	L/D=4.0	L/D=5.0	L/D=6.0
0.1	48 140	44 150	41 335	41 020	40 930	40 905	40 895
0.5	14 140	13 425	12 950	12 905	12 895	12 895	12 895
0.7	11 695	11 210	10 895	10 865	10 860	10 860	10 860
1.0	9 485	9 370	9 325	9 315	9 315	9 315	9 315
2.0	7 545	7 520	7 505	7 500	7 500	7 500	7 500

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