负压爆炸载荷作用下固支钢板变形研究

杨锐; 汪泉; 谢守冬; 李瑞; 涂唱畅; 徐小猛; 李孝臣

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230685

负压爆炸载荷作用下固支钢板变形研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230685

杨锐^1,,
汪泉^1,*, ,,
谢守冬^{2, 3},
李瑞^{1, 4},
涂唱畅¹,
徐小猛¹,
李孝臣¹

1.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院, 安徽淮南　232001
2.
安徽理工大学土木建筑学院, 安徽淮南　232001
3.
宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司, 广东广州　510000
4.
安徽理工大学煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心, 安徽淮南　232001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11872002）；精细爆破国家重点实验室开放课题（PBSKL-2022-B-05）；煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金（EC2021015）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　锐（1999－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸毁伤研究. E-mail：2240036819@qq.com

通讯作者:
汪　泉（1980－），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事爆炸理论与技术研究. E-mail：wqaust@163.com

中图分类号: O383.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-21
- 修回日期: 2023-07-11
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-15
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-07

Deformation of Fixed Support Steel Plate under Explosion Load in Negative Pressure Environment

YANG Rui^1
,,
WANG Quan^{1,*
, ,},
XIE Shoudong^{2, 3},
LI Rui^{1, 4},
TU Changchang¹,
XU Xiaomeng¹,
LI Xiaochen¹

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3.
Hongda Blasting Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
4.
Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究负压爆炸载荷作用下结构的动态响应，以固支钢板为防护工程的简化单元，开展了负压爆炸实验，探究固支钢板在负压爆炸载荷作用下的变形规律，分析不同负压环境下固支钢板的极限应变和失效条件。采用AUTODYN对负压爆炸载荷作用下固支钢板的动态响应进行数值模拟，通过对比实验结果，验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。结果表明：随着初始环境压力的下降，相同爆距下钢板中心点的最大挠度和最大速度减小；负压爆炸载荷作用下，钢板整体出现塑性大变形，迎爆面形成凹坑，钢板四周在垂直于固支边界指向钢板中心的方向上出现明显的拉伸变形，钢板边缘区的挠度变化基本相同，中心点的最大挠度随着环境压力的下降而减小。通过双向应变假设，确定了钢板的动态极限应变为0.269。建立了负压环境下炸药爆炸冲击波的反射比冲量公式，并对基于刚塑性假设和能量准则提出的失效判据进行检验。研究结果可为负压环境下爆炸空气冲击波威力等效评估、高原环境下目标毁伤评估提供参考。
- 负压 /
- 固支方板 /
- 爆炸载荷 /
- 乳化炸药 /
- 拉伸断裂
Abstract: In order to study the dynamic response of the structure under explosion load in negative pressure environment, the negative pressure explosion experiments were carried out for the fixed supported steel plate, which is as a simplified unit of the protection project. The deformation law, and the ultimate strain and failure conditions of the fixed supported steel plate under different negative pressures were analyzed. The numerical simulation of the dynamic response of the fixed supported steel plate under negative pressure explosion load was carried out by AUTODYN, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation results was verified by comparing the experimental results. The results show that when the initial ambient pressure decreases, for the same burst distance, both the maximum deflection and the maximum velocity at the center point of the steel plate decrease. Under the negative pressure explosion load, the steel plate produces large plastic deformation, the oncoming surface forms a pit, and obvious tensile deformation occurs at the edges perpendicular to the boundary direction. The deflection changes in the edge zone are basically the same, and the maximum deflection at the center point decreases with the decrease of environment pressure. Through the bidirectional strain assumption, the dynamic limit strain of the steel plate is determined to be 0.269. The reflectance specific impulse formula of explosive blast wave under negative pressure environment was established, and the failure criterion based on rigid-plastic hypothesis and energy criterion were examined. The research results can provide a reference for the equivalent evaluation of the shock wave power of explosive air in negative pressure environment and the target damage assessment in plateau environment.
- negative pressure /
- fixed supported square plate /
- explosion load /
- emulsion explosive /
- tensile fracture

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图 1 实验示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experiment

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图 2 实验后钢板的形貌

Figure 2. Morphology of the steel plate after the experiment

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图 3 钢板变形轮廓

Figure 3. Deformation contours of steel plates

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图 4 工况4中钢板的破坏模式

Figure 4. Damage mode of steel plates in case 4

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图 5 几何模型

Figure 5. Geometrical model

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图 6 不同负压环境下钢板的变形情况

Figure 6. Deformation of steel plate under different negative pressure environments

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图 7 钢板中心点速度曲线

Figure 7. Velocity curves at center point of steel plate

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表 1 实验工况

Table 1. Experimental conditions

Case	p_e/kPa	W/g	TNT equivalence/g	Explosion distance/mm
1	60	150	130	150
2	80	150	130	150
3	101	150	130	150
4	101	200	170	50

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表 2 开裂处钢板厚度的测量结果

Table 2. Measurement results of steel thickness at crack

Measuring point	Thickness/ mm	Down gauging rate	Bidirectional ultimate strain	Measuring point	Thickness/ mm	Down gauging rate	Bidirectional ultimate strain
1	0.60	0.40	0.291	5	0.64	0.36	0.250
2	0.62	0.38	0.270	6	0.54	0.46	0.361
3	0.52	0.48	0.387	7	0.66	0.34	0.231
4	0.68	0.32	0.213	8	0.70	0.30	0.195

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表 3 失效判别式的相关参数

Table 3. Relevant parameters for failure discriminant

Case	i_r/(Pa∙s)	v₀/(m∙s⁻¹)	$ \dot{\varepsilon } $/s⁻¹	α	σ_d/MPa	ε_m	η
1	742.1	94.5	326.8	2.52	592.2	0.059	0.219
2	816.8	104.1	359.9	2.55	599.3	0.071	0.264
3	882.8	112.5	389.0	2.57	604.0	0.082	0.305
4	3204.1	408.2	1411.4	3.04	714.4	0.915	3.401

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表 4 材料参数^[21]

Table 4. Material parameters^[21]

ρ_s/(g·cm⁻³)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m	T_m/K
7.85	293.8	230.2	0.578	0.0652	0.706	1795

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表 5 不同环境压力对应的空气密度

Table 5. Air densities at different environment pressures

Pressure/kPa	Density/(kg·m⁻³)	Pressure/kPa	Density/(kg·m⁻³)
101	1.225	40	0.484
80	0.967	20	0.242
60	0.725

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