冲击载荷下增材制造金属材料的动态响应及微观结构演化研究进展

刘洋; 徐怀忠; 汪小锋; 李治国; 胡建波; 王永刚

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210760

冲击载荷下增材制造金属材料的动态响应及微观结构演化研究进展

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210760

刘洋^{1, 2, 3,},
徐怀忠^{1, 2},
汪小锋^{1, 2},
李治国³,
胡建波³,
王永刚^{1, 2,*, ,}

1.
宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波　315211
2.
宁波大学机械工程与力学学院，浙江宁波　315211
3.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室，四川绵阳　621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51905279，11972202）；科学挑战计划（TZ2018001）；国防科技重点实验室稳定支持科研项目（JCKYS2019212009）；国防科技重点实验室基金（6142A03201002）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　洋（1987－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事激光增材制造及其动态力学性能研究. E-mail：liuyang1@nbu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王永刚（1976－），男，博士，教授，主要从事冲击与安全工程、材料动态力学性能研究. E-mail：wangyonggang@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-29
- 修回日期: 2021-04-21

Progress in Dynamic Responses and Microstructure Evolution of the Additive Manufactured Alloys under Impact Load

LIU Yang^{1, 2, 3
,},
XU Huaizhong^{1, 2},
WANG Xiaofeng^{1, 2},
LI Zhiguo³,
HU Jianbo³,
WANG Yonggang^{1, 2,*
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 作为近20年来快速发展的制造技术，增材制造技术能够快速、直接制造形状复杂的零件，在工业领域得到越来越多的应用。在实际应用中，这些增材制造的零部件经常承受高速冲击载荷作用，因此其动态承载能力及破坏失效特征是人们关注的焦点，也给增材制造技术及其产品在国防军事、武器装备等领域的应用带来巨大挑战。首先综述增材制造技术的原理和特点；然后着重介绍在高速冲击等极端情况下增材制造金属零部件的宏/微观力学响应特征，探讨新的制造方法带来的金属材料动态性能的新变化；最后展望增材制造技术及产品在国防军事、武器装备等领域的发展前景。
- 增材制造 /
- 高速冲击 /
- 动态力学响应 /
- 损伤失效 /
- 绝热剪切
Abstract: As a rapidly developing technology in the past two decades, additive manufacturing has been widely used in industries due to its high-efficiently in manufacture, particularly for the components with complex geometry. Since these components usually subjected to high-speed impact in application, the issue of load-bearing capacity and failure characteristics becomes a major concern, also causes great challenges for the application of laser additive manufacturing technology and product development in national defense, military and weapons. In this study, the technical principles and characteristics of additive manufacturing was summarized, and then the macro/micro mechanical response of additive manufactured metallic components subjected to high-speed impact was introduced emphatically. The changes induced by the new manufacturing techniques in dynamic performance of metallic materials were explored. Lastly, the potential prospects of additive manufacturing techniques as well as the products were forecast in the field of national defense and military weapons.
- additive manufacturing /
- high-speed impact /
- dynamic mechanical response /
- damage failure /
- adiabatic shear

HTML全文

图 1 冲击载荷（应变率2400 s⁻¹）下SLM成型Ti-6Al-4V合金的内应力演化过程^[38]

Figure 1. Evolution of stress in the selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy tested at strain rate of 2400 s⁻¹^[38]

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图 2 增材制造Ti-6Al-4V合金在冲击载荷作用下的微观组织形貌^{[36, 40-42]}

Figure 2. Microstructure of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under impacting load^{[36, 40-42]}

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图 3 (a)加载方向与晶粒方位示意图^[40]，(b)不同成型方向的SLM成型Ti-6Al-4V合金冲击后的形貌^[44]

Figure 3. (a) Schematic of the relationship between loading direction and grain orientation^[40], (b) the macro morphology of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy impacted in different directions^[44]

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图 4 SLM成型Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的反极图及晶粒尺寸统计：(a)和(d)为原始材料，(b)和(e)为冲击加载后的样品，(c)和(f)为冲击加载后样品的放大图

Figure 4. Inverse pole figures and grain size of SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy ((a) and (d): original, (b) and (e): after impacting, (c) and (f): amplified Fig.4(b))

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图 5 水平和成型方向的增材制造AlSi10Mg合金的微观组织：(a)和(b)为原始铝合金，(c)和(d)为冲击加载后的铝合金^[51]

Figure 5. Microstructure of additive manufactured AlSi10Mg at horizon and vertical directions ((a) and (b): original, (c) and (d): after impacting)^[51]

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图 6 激光冲击下SLM成型AlSi10Mg合金断面形貌^[57]

Figure 6. Morphology of the SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy after impacting load^[57]

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图 7 冲击载荷作用下增材制造AA 2624-T351合金的反极图（IPF）：(a) 冲击前试样，(b) 冲击后试样（注意冲击后的试样中产生了大量小角晶界）^[59]

Figure 7. Inverse pole figures of AA 2624-T351 aluminum alloy: (a) original, (b) after impacting, noting that large amount of LAGBs formed after impacting^[59]

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图 8 冲击载荷下增材制造304L不锈钢中奥氏体和铁素体中的应力(a)和应变(b)分布以及铁素体含量（体积分数）对应力的影响(c)^[63]

Figure 8. Distribution of stress (a) and strain (b) in austenite and ferrite phases in additive manufactured 304L stainless steel under impact loading, and the effect of ferrite content (volume fraction) on stress (c)^[63]

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图 9 不同撞击速度下SLM成型GP1不锈钢的反极图及相组织（红色代表马氏体，黄色代表奥氏体）^[65]

Figure 9. Inverse pole figures and phase images of SLM GP1 stainless steel after impacting at different velocities (The red area refers to martensite phase, and yellow represents austenite phase.)^[65]

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图 10 增材制造镍基合金在不同应变率下的抗压强度^[77]

Figure 10. Dynamic compressive strength of additive manufactured nickel-based alloy at different strain rates^[77]

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图 11 通过不同的波长组合和样品到探测器的距离获得原始样品(a)和变形样品(b)的暗场响应，以及加载后的相分布(c)（绿色代表马氏体，红色代表奥氏体）^[82]

Figure 11. Measured data (points) and theoretical models (lines) assuming a random two phase medium model for the as-built (a) and deformed (b) samples, (c) phase image after impacting (Red represents austenitic phase, and green represents martensitic phase.)^[82]

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图 12 冲击载荷下EBM成型Ti-6Al-4V合金中的微孔洞形貌：(a) 剪切带中的微孔洞，(b) 断面中的微孔洞，(c) 微孔洞形成机理^[41]

Figure 12. Morphology of micropore in EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy under impact loading: (a) micropore ASB, (b) micropore in fracture surface, (c) formation mechanism of micropore^[41]

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图 13 以不同方向冲击加载时增材制造镍基合金中的裂纹扩展路径^[77]

Figure 13. Profile diagrams and fracture behaviors of the additive manufactured nickel-based alloy after impacting in different directions^[77]

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