Response Mechanism of Fuse with Different Structures under Thermal Stimulation
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摘要: 为了掌握引信在泄压结构作用下的响应特性，通过自行设计的引信泄压装置，开展了烤燃条件下泄压装置对引信响应剧烈程度的影响研究。试验结果表明，慢速烤燃和快速烤燃条件下，泄压结构均可以有效降低引信响应时刻的内部压力，降低引信在烤燃条件下的响应烈度，但是引信在慢速烤燃和快速烤燃条件下的响应情况存在一定差异。通过数值模拟对引信的响应情况进一步分析，结果表明：慢速烤燃条件下，引信点火点位于传爆药柱中心；快速烤燃条件下，引信点火点位于传爆药底部。点火位置不同使得传爆药的压力释放过程不同，慢速烤燃通过中心点火形成从中心至泄压孔的排气通道来释放内部压力，快速烤燃泄压孔释放部分压力后，剩余压力导致底部端盖被冲破。Abstract: To study the response characteristics of the fuse with venting structure, the self-designed fuse venting device is used to study the effect of venting device on the reaction violence of the fuse under cook-off. The results show that under slow cook-off, the reaction violence of fuse is deflagration without venting structure, and the fuse structure is destroyed. The reaction violence with the venting structure is combustion. Under fast cook-off, the reaction violence fuse is deflagration when there is no venting structure, the bottom end cover of the fuse is damaged, and the reaction violence is burning with the venting structure. The temperature inside the explosive is obtained through numerical simulation. The ignition point of slow cook-off is located at the center of the booster, and the ignition point of fast cook-off is at the bottom of the booster. Different ignition positions make the pressure release process of the booster different. Slow cook-off uses the pressure of the center ignition to form an exhaust channel from the center to the venting structure to release the internal pressure. In the fast cook-off test, after the venting structure releases part of the pressure, the remaining pressure causes the bottom end cover to burst.
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Key words:
- thermal stimulation /
- fuse /
- venting structure /
- ignition /
- cook-off test
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图 6 有6.00 mm泄压孔时外壁温度-时间曲线
Figure 6. Temperature-time curve of outer wall with 6.00 mm venting structure
图 8 无泄压孔时引信快烤响应情况
Figure 8. Fast cook-off response of the fuse without venting structure
图 9 有6.00 mm泄压孔时引信快烤响应情况
Figure 9. Fast cook-off response of the fuse with 6.00 mm venting structure
图 10 不同时刻慢速烤燃引信内部温度云图
Figure 10. Temperature contours inside the slow cook-off fuse at different moments
图 12 快速烤燃引信内部温度分布
Figure 12. Internal temperature distribution of a fast cook-off fuse
图 14 点火时刻传爆药压力增长速率比值
Figure 14. Ratio of the pressure increase rate of the booster explosive at the moment of ignition
表 1 炸药在不同温度下点火所需泄压孔的尺寸
Table 1. Size of venting structure required for explosive ignition at different temperatures
Temperature/K AV/SB Temperature/K AV/SB 443 0.0065 473 0.0078 453 0.0069 483 0.0083 463 0.0073 495 0.0091 
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表 2 不同引信慢速烤燃试验结果
Table 2. Results of slow cook-off test of different fuses
Test No. Venting structure Response time/min Response temperature/℃ Reaction violence A1 None 1566.4 180.9 Combustion A2 None 1422.7 171.0 Combustion B1 6.00 mm 1442.3 179.7 Under the combustion B2 6.00 mm 1556.8 187.7 Under the combustion
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表 3 装填FOX-7炸药引信的快烤试验结果
Table 3. Fast cook-off test results of fuses with FOX-7 explosive
Test No. Response time/s Average temperature after flame stabilization/℃ Venting structure Reaction violence C1 108 576.0 None Combustion C2 113 576.0 None Combustion D1 59 688.5 6.00 mm Combustion D2 62 688.5 6.00 mm Combustion
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表 4 FOX-7炸药的物性参数与化学反应动力学参数
Table 4. Property parameters and chemical reaction kinetic parameters of FOX-7 explosive
Material $\,\rho/({\rm {kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m} }{^{-3} }$) ${c}{{_V}}/(\rm{J}\cdot {\rm{k}\rm{g} }{^{-1} } \cdot {\rm{K} }{^ {-1} } )$ $\lambda/(\mathrm{J}\cdot {\mathrm{m} }{^{-1}} \cdot {\mathrm{K} }{^{-1}} \cdot {\mathrm{s} }{^{-1}} )$ $Q/(\mathrm{MJ}\cdot {\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g} }{^{-1}} )$ $Z/{\mathrm{s} }{^{-1} }$ $E/(\mathrm{k}\mathrm{J}\cdot {\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l} }{^{-1}} )$ FOX-7 1600 1423.87 0.25 9.293 4.5×1026 275.97 Steel 7850 480 43
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