异构金属材料的冲击动力学行为研究进展

张子晗; 马彦; 袁福平

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200662

异构金属材料的冲击动力学行为研究进展

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200662

张子晗^{1, 2,},
马彦^{1, 2,*, ,},
袁福平^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院力学研究所非线性力学国家重点实验室，北京　100190
2.
中国科学院大学工程科学学院，北京　100049

基金项目: 科技部重点研发计划（2017YFB0202802）；国家自然科学基金（11672313）

详细信息

作者简介:
张子晗（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事金属结构材料的力学性能研究.E-mail：zhangzihan@imech.ac.cn

通讯作者:
马　彦（1992－），男，博士研究生，主要从事金属结构材料动态变形机理研究. E-mail：mayan@imech.ac.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-29
- 修回日期: 2021-02-06

A Review on the Impact Dynamic Behaviors of Metals with Heterogeneous Structures

ZHANG Zihan^{1, 2
,},
MA Yan^{1, 2,*
, ,},
YUAN Fuping^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 高强度金属材料往往塑性/韧性较差，而异构金属的微结构设计能够使得金属在获得高强度的同时具有良好的塑性/韧性。因此，异构金属在准静态、动态载荷下的力学行为成为材料力学/冲击动力学的研究热点。综述了梯度结构、双相结构、多尺度晶粒结构等异构金属的动态力学性能及微结构机理方面的研究进展。相比于均匀材料，异构金属表现出更优越的动态剪切韧性和冲击韧性。由于异构材料微观结构的非均匀性，绝热剪切带的萌生与扩展往往不同于均匀材料。异构金属中的界面或软区能够有效抑制绝热剪切带的萌生及扩展，延缓材料失效。异构材料中，非均匀变形产生的额外加工硬化使得异构金属表现出优异的动态力学性能。
- 异构金属 /
- 动态冲击 /
- 韧性 /
- 绝热剪切带 /
- 动态再结晶
Abstract: The ductility/toughness of the high strength materials is usually inadequate, while high strength metals and alloys with good ductility/toughness can be obtained by designing the heterogeneous structures. Thus, the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of the metals and alloys with heterogeneous structures have attracted extensive research interests in the areas of mechanics of materials and impact dynamics. The present paper reviewed the progress in the aspect of the dynamic properties and the corresponding microstructural mechanisms of several heterogeneous structures, such as gradient structures, dual-phase structures, multi-modal grain structures. For example, the metals with heterogeneous structures show better dynamic shear toughness and impact toughness than those with homogeneous structures. The initiation and propagation of adiabatic shear bands in the heterogeneous structures are totally different from those in homogeneous structures, due to the inhomogeneous microstructures. The interfaces and the soft domains in the heterogeneous structures can suppress the initiation and propagation of adiabatic shear bands, delaying the failure of materials. The superior dynamic properties can be achieved in the heterogeneous structures due to the extra strain hardening induced by the inhomogeneous deformation.
- heterostructured metals /
- dynamic impact /
- toughness /
- adiabatic shear band /
- dynamic recrystallization

HTML全文

图 1 剪切样品示意图

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of shear test specimens

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图 2 金属及合金的动态剪切性能^[18]

Figure 2. Dynamic shear properties of metals and alloys^[18]

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图 3 冲击力-位移曲线及金属材料冲击韧性^[22-23]

Figure 3. Load-deflection curve and impact fracture toughness of metals and alloys^[22-23]

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图 4 梯度结构TWIP钢中剪切带形成及扩展^[13]

Figure 4. Initiation and propagation of ASB in GS TWIP steel^[13]

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图 5 复合多层材料中剪切带的形成及扩展^[31]

Figure 5. Initiation and propagation of ASB in CMS^[31]

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图 6 双相钢Fe-5Mn-0.2C中绝热剪切带的演化规律^[38]

Figure 6. Evolution of ASB in Fe-5Mn-0.2C dual-phase steel^[38]

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