炸药落锤实验及样品厚度效应的三维数值模拟

黄彬彬; 傅华; 喻寅; 刘仓理

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20200636

炸药落锤实验及样品厚度效应的三维数值模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20200636

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室，四川绵阳　621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11802283，11802288）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄彬彬（1989－），男，博士，主要从事化爆安全性研究. E-mail：huangbinbin13@gscaep.ac.cn

通讯作者:
刘仓理（1961－），男，博士，研究员，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：cangliliu@sohu.com

中图分类号: O389
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-13
- 修回日期: 2020-11-24

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Explosive in Drop Hammer Impact Test and Sample Thickness Effect

National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究落锤实验中炸药的概率点火行为以及试样厚度对点火的影响，对脆性炸药PBX-2的落锤实验开展了三维数值模拟。采用有限元与离散元相结合的方法，并考虑了炸药材料的非均匀性，获得了炸药在不同落高下的点火概率分布，落高计算结果与文献报道的实验结果相符。此外，研究了落锤实验中试样厚度对炸药温升过程及点火阈值的影响，拟合得到了压力峰值和点火阈值随试样厚度变化的估算公式，可以为实验设计提供参考。
- 落锤实验 /
- 厚度效应 /
- 有限元-离散元结合方法 /
- 三维数值模拟
Abstract: In order to study the probability ignition behavior of explosive and the influence of sample thickness on ignition in drop weight test, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of brittle explosive PBX-2 is carried out. The three-dimensional numerical simulation method combining the finite element method and the discrete element method is adopted, and the non-uniformity of explosive material is considered. The ignition probability distribution of explosive under different falling height is obtained. The calculation result of falling height is consistent with the experimental result reported in literature. The influence of sample thickness on the temperature rise process and ignition threshold height of explosive in drop weight test is studied. The estimation formula of pressure peak value and ignition threshold with sample thickness is obtained by fitting, which can provide reference for experimental design.
- drop hammer impact test /
- thickness effect /
- combined finite-discrete element method /
- three-dimensional numerical simulation

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图 1 离散元模型示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of discrete element model

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图 2 落锤实验计算模型

Figure 2. Calculated model of drop hammer impact test

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图 3 落高6.0 m时的炸药受力曲线

Figure 3. Pressure of the explosives with the height of 6.0 m

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图 4 PBX-2炸药的裂纹与温度分布

Figure 4. Crack and temperature distribution of PBX-2

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图 5 不同落高下的温升曲线

Figure 5. Curves of temperature rise under different drop height

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图 6 炸药点火位置平面分布统计

Figure 6. Plane distribution statistics of explosive ignition positions

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图 7 不同厚度炸药在落高为6.5 m时的压力曲线

Figure 7. Pressure curves of explosives of different thickness with the drop height of 6.5 m

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图 8 不同厚度炸药在落高为6.5 m时的温升历史曲线

Figure 8. Temperature rise curves of different thickness explosives with the drop height of 6.5 m

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图 9 不同厚度炸药的点火概率分布

Figure 9. Distribution of ignition probability in explosives with different thickness

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图 10 压力峰值与落锤高度和试样厚度的关系曲线

Figure 10. Relationship curves between peak pressure, drop height and sample thickness

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图 11 点火阈值与试样厚度的关系曲线

Figure 11. Relationship curve of ignition threshold andthickness of explosives

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表 1 PBX-2炸药的反应动力学参数^[19-20]

Table 1. Parameters of reaction for PBX-2^[19-20]

$\;\rho $/(kg·m⁻³) Q/(J·kg⁻¹) Z/s⁻¹ E₀/(J·mol⁻¹) R/(J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹)

1 850 2.092 × 10⁶ 4.78 × 10¹³ 1.439 × 10⁵ 8.314 5

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表 2 模型中各材料性能参数^[19-20]

Table 2. Parameters for materials in model^[19-20]

Material $\;\rho $/(kg·m⁻³) E/GPa $\nu$ c/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹) $\kappa$/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)

PBX-2 1 850 5 0.26 1 020 0.302
Q235 7 850 206 0.30 502 16.270

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表 3 不同落高下的点火情况

Table 3. Ignition situation of PBX-2 underdifferent drop height

Drop height/m Times of ignition Ignition probability/%

5.5 7 28
6.0 9 36
6.5 13 52
7.0 18 72
7.5 25 100

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