Load Characteristics of Shock Wave under Condition of Multiple Underwater Explosion (UNDEX)
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摘要: 针对水下多爆源起爆的实战背景，开展了两点同时起爆条件下冲击波载荷特性的数值模拟研究。基于自研的多相可压缩流体计算程序，采用高精度的数值格式对流体控制方程进行离散求解。将数值模型计算的自由场水下爆炸的结果与理论结果比较，初步验证了数值模型计算的准确性与可靠性。利用该模型计算了典型工况下水下两点起爆工况，计算结果表明：两爆源对称面上压力相比单爆源线性叠加后的峰值压力增加12%～16%；两爆源垂直截面之间的压力存在双峰现象；而对于两垂直截面之外的测点压力也存在双峰现象，第1个峰值压力与单爆源线性叠加的峰值相等，第2个峰值压力要远低于单爆源线性叠加的峰值，峰值压力下降幅度可高达30%左右。研究结果能够为水下武器防护设计与威胁评估提供参考。Abstract: According to the actual combat background of underwater multiple initiation, the numerical simulation of shock wave load characteristics under the condition of two-point simultaneous initiation is carried out. Based on the self-developed multiphase compressible fluid calculation program, a high precision numerical scheme is used to discretize the fluid control equation. Firstly, the results of free-field underwater explosion calculated by the numerical model are compared with the theoretical results, and the accuracy and reliability of the numerical model are preliminarily verified. And then this numerical model is used to calculate the underwater two-point initiation condition under typical working conditions. The results show that the pressure on the symmetrical plane of the two explosion sources increases by 12% to 16% compared with the peak pressure after the linear superposition of the single explosion source. There is a bimodal phenomenon in the pressure between the vertical sections of the two explosion sources. For the pressure at the measuring point outside the two vertical sections, there is also a double-peak phenomenon, the first peak pressure is equal to the peak value of the linear superposition of the single explosion source, and the second peak pressure is much lower than the peak value of the linear superposition of the single explosion source. The peak pressure can be reduced by as much as 30%. The research results of this paper can provide reference for underwater weapon protection design and threat assessment.
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Key words:
- multiple explosion sources /
- shock wave /
- underwater explosion /
- impact protection
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图 1 0.1 kg TNT装药两测点处压力和冲量时程曲线比较
Figure 1. Comparison of pressure and impulse time history curves at two measuring points of 0.1 kg TNT charge
图 2 1.0 kg TNT装药两测点处压力和冲量时程曲线比较
Figure 2. Comparison of pressure and impulse time history curves at two measuring points of 1.0 kg TNT charge
图 4 单爆源(a)和双爆源(b)工况下流场的演化过程（上：压力云图，下：密度云图）
Figure 4. Evolution of flow field under the conditions of double explosion sources (a) and single explosion source (b) (Up：pressure cloud image, down：density cloud image)
图 5 测点A1～A4的压力时程曲线对比
Figure 5. Comparison of pressure time history curves at points A1−A4
表 1 计算结果与由Cole经验公式得到的峰值压力对比
Table 1. Comparison of peak pressure between calculated results and Cole empirical formula
TNT mass/kg Peak pressure at 6R0 Peak pressure at 12R0 Simulation/MPa Theory/MPa Error/% Simulation/MPa Theory/MPa Error/% 0.1 228.0 239.8 −4.92 92.4 87.6 5.48 1.0 254.6 268.1 −5.04 98.5 94.8 3.90 
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表 2 峰值压力比较
Table 2. Comparison of peak pressures
Measuring
pointDetonation
distancePeak pressure under
double explosion/MPaSingle detonation source
synthetic pressure/MPaError/% A1 6R0 498.1 444.9 12.0 A2 8R0 369.2 322.4 14.5 A3 12R0 234.1 196.2 19.3 A4 20R0 122.5 105.9 15.7
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