Hardening Effect of the Strain Rate on the Dynamic Tensile Strength of the Plain Concrete
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摘要: 混凝土是重要的工程材料，研究其在动态作用下的力学性能具有极其重要的意义与价值。混凝土材料的动态拉伸强度具有明显的应变率效应，而且在低应变率与高应变率条件下的动态强化因子ψDIF(DIF:Dynamic Increase Factor)与应变率的关系具有明显的区别。参考现有的相关综述文献，收集近二十余年来大量的混凝土动态拉伸试验结果数据，结合理论分析，探讨了在不同应变率阶段混凝土材料拉伸强度动态强化因子的变化规律, 以及不同试验手段如直接拉伸、动态劈裂与层裂等对拉伸动态强化因子的影响规律。最后对试验结果进行拟合，得到混凝土材料在不同应变率区间时拉伸强度动态强化因子的预测表达式。研究表明：(1)混凝土材料的动态强化因子ψDIF随着应变率的增加呈递增趋势，${{\psi }_{\text{DIF}}}-\ln \bar{\dot{\varepsilon }}$具有类似的线性关系；(2)混凝土材料的拉伸强度ψDIF值随应变率增加而递增的趋势在3个不同应变率阶段，斜率明显不同，在高应变率时变化趋势最明显；(3)无论是低应变率区间还是高应变率区间，混凝土的动态拉伸强度ψDIF值与试验方式(直接拉伸、动态劈裂、层裂及其他方式)并没有明显的关系。Abstract: Concrete is a widely used engineering material and it is of great significance to study its dynamic properties.The tensile strength of concrete materials is obviously affected by the strain rate's hardening effect.Obvious difference exists in the relationships of the dynamic increase factors (ψDIF) and the strain rates as a result of difference between a low strain rate and a high strain rate.In the present study, a mass of test data collected from the published literatures were compared and discussed.The relationships in different strain rate regions between the ψDIF and the strain rate were analyzed.The influences of the test methods, such as spalling, split and direct tension, on the tensile strain rate effect were researched.Finally, the relationships between the ψDIF and the strain rate of the concrete material, including compression and tension, were proposed.The results show that the values of the ψDIF of the tensile strength of the concrete increase with the increase of the strain rate, and approximately satisfy the linear relationship; that the strain rate hardening effect of the tensile ψDIF of concrete at high strain rates is obviously different from that at low strain rates; and that in both the low strain rate region and the high strain rate region, the relationships between the ψDIF of the tensile strength of concrete with different test methods and the strain rate have similar regularities.
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Key words:
- concrete /
- strain rate effect /
- dynamic tensile strength /
- dynamic increase factor
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图 2 混凝土材料拉伸强度的应变率效应(Ⅱ)
Figure 2. Strain rate influence on tensile strength of plain concrete (Ⅱ)
图 3 不同研究情况下应变率的量级
Figure 3. Magnitude of strain rates expected for different loading cases
图 4 混凝土材料准静态拉伸强度ψDIF与应变率之间的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between ψDIF and strain rate of the quasi-static tensile strength of plain concrete
图 5 低应变率时混凝土材料动态拉伸强度的ψDIF与应变率之间的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between ψDIF and strain rate of the tensile strength of plain concrete at low strain rates
图 6 不同试验方法混凝土材料动态拉伸强度的ψDIF与应变率之间的关系(Ⅰ)
Figure 6. Relationship between ψDIF and strain rate of the tensile strength of plain concrete with different experimental methods (Ⅰ)
图 7 高应变率时混凝土材料动态拉伸强度ψDIF与应变率之间的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between ψDIF and strain rate of the tensile strength of plain concrete at high strain rates
图 8 不同试验方法混凝土材料动态拉伸强度ψDIF与应变率之间的关系(Ⅱ)
Figure 8. Relationship between ψDIF and strain rate of the tensile strength of plain concrete with different experimental methods (Ⅱ)
图 9 高应变率时混凝土材料拉伸强度的ψDIF值与拟合曲线
Figure 9. ψDIF and fitted curve of tensile strength of plain concrete at high strain rates
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