铝粉粒度对乳化炸药基质热分解特性的影响

龚悦; 何杰; 颜事龙; 程扬帆

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.2017.02.006

铝粉粒度对乳化炸药基质热分解特性的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2017.02.006

龚悦^{1, 2,},
何杰^2,*, ,,
颜事龙^{1, 2},
程扬帆²

1.
安徽理工大学土木建筑学院，安徽淮南 232001
2.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院，安徽淮南 232001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 51174183

安徽省高校自然科学基金重点项目 KJ2015A074

安徽省自然科学基金青年项目 1608085QA15

详细信息

作者简介:
龚悦(1987-), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事含能材料爆轰及热分析研究.E-mail:yuegong_aust@163.com

通讯作者:
何杰(1962-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事纳米金属氧化物研究.E-mail:jhe@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389;TQ560
计量
- 文章访问数: 7079
- HTML全文浏览量: 2869
- PDF下载量: 112
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-12
- 修回日期: 2016-09-13

Effect of Aluminum Particle Size on Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Emulsion Matrix

GONG Yue^{1, 2
,},
HE Jie^{2,*
, ,},
YAN Shi-Long^{1, 2},
CHENG Yang-Fan²

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2.
School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究铝粉粒度对乳化炸药基质热稳定性的影响，运用DSC-TG联用差示扫描量热仪，考察了添加不同粒度铝粉的乳化炸药基质在不同升温速率下的热分解特性，以获得热分解动力学参数。结果表明，铝粉的加入降低了乳化炸药基质的热分解温度，分解反应活化能减小，即基质热安定性降低，且随着铝粉粒度的减小，该趋势更加明显。与不添加铝粉的乳化炸药相比，在实验范围内不同粒度的铝粉对乳化炸药基质的热分解机理未产生影响，均为受随机成核和随后生长控制的反应级数n=1的Mample单行法则。研究成果可为含铝乳化炸药热安定性的相关研究提供理论参考。
- 乳化炸药基质 /
- 铝粉 /
- 粒度 /
- 热分解 /
- 活化能
Abstract: Adding aluminum powder into emulsion explosive can increase its explosion heat and work capability, but also raise its heat sensitivity.In order to study the effect of the aluminum particle size on the thermal stability of the emulsion matrix, the thermal decomposition characteristics of the emulsion matrix containing aluminum powders of different particle sizes were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric (TG) methods at various heating rates, and the kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition were obtained.The results show that the addition of aluminum powder reduces the peak temperature, the activation energy and thermal stability.Moreover, this trend becomes more obvious with the decrease of the aluminum particle size.Compared with the case of the emulsion explosive without the powder addition, the aluminum powders with different particle sizes have no effect on the thermal decomposition mechanism functions of the emulsion matrix in the scope of experiments and they are controlled by nucleation and growth mechanism and the mechanism function could be described with Mample principle with a reaction order of n=1.The results can provide theoretical guidance for corresponding thermal stability research of aluminized emulsion explosive.
- emulsion matrix /
- aluminum powder /
- particle size /
- thermal decomposition /
- activation energy

HTML全文

图 1 空白样在升温速率为5 ℃/min时的DSC和TG-DTG曲线

Figure 1. DSC and TG-DTG curves of blank sample at heating rate of 5 ℃/min

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 4种样品在升温速率为5 ℃/min时的DSC曲线

Figure 2. DSC curves of 4 samples at heating rate of 5 ℃/min

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 4种样品在升温速率为5 ℃/min时的lg β-1/T曲线

Figure 3. lg β-1/T curves of 4 samples at heating rate of 5 ℃/min

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 乳化炸药基质配方

Table 1. Main ingredients of emulsion matrix

Component	Chemical name	Chemical formula	Mole mass/(g/mol)	Mass fraction/(%)
Oxidants	Ammonium nitrate	NH₄NO₃	80.0	69.5
Oxidants	Sodium nitrate	NaNO₃	85.0	12.2
Solvent	Water	H₂O	18.0	10.0
Combustibles	Paraffin wax	C₁₈H₃₈	254.5	2.1
Combustibles	Compound wax	C_22-28H_46-58	≈392.0	3.6
Emulsifier	SP-80	C₂₄H₄₄O₆	428.0	2.6

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 样品配比

Table 2. Sample ratio

Sample	Mass fraction/(%)		Aluminum particle size/(μm)
Sample	Emulsion matrix	Al powder	Aluminum particle size/(μm)
1^#	95	5	111.9
2^#	95	5	177.2
3^#	95	5	314.2
4^#	100	0	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同升温速率和反应深度下4种样品的反应温度

Table 3. Reaction temperatures of 4 samples at various heating rates and reaction depths

α	β/(℃/min)	T/(K)
α	β/(℃/min)	1^#	2^#	3^#	4^#
0.4	5	518.164	518.562	520.541	519.980
	10	531.357	530.665	530.206	530.017
	20	543.586	543.259	543.833	544.527
	30	551.194	550.979	551.878	550.375
0.5	5	523.290	523.969	525.617	525.905
	10	536.491	536.444	535.600	536.136
	20	548.892	548.242	548.351	550.605
	30	555.652	555.602	556.747	555.839

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 由Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法求得的4种样品的动力学参数

Table 4. Kinetic parameters of 4 samples calculated with Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method

Sample	α=0.4			α=0.5
Sample	E/(kJ/mol)	r	Q/(kJ/mol)	E/(kJ/mol)	r	Q/(kJ/mol)
1^#	123.00	0.998 48	0.018 89	127.22	0.996 69	0.027 89
2^#	124.95	0.999 98	0.002 14	130.50	0.998 63	0.017 94
3^#	128.11	0.993 31	0.039 62	132.17	0.995 59	0.032 25
4^#	129.02	0.991 67	0.044 27	133.66	0.989 95	0.048 58

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(15)

[1]	汪旭光.乳化炸药[M].第2版.北京:冶金工业出版社, 2008:3-11. WANG X G.Emulsion explosives[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008:3-11.
[2]	OTHMER K.Encyclopedia of chemical technology[M].New York:Wiley Inter Science, 1979:629-631.
[3]	宋敬埔, 吴红梅.我国乳化炸药的研究近况及发展建议[J].爆破器材, 2003, 32(4):5-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2003.04.002 SONG J P, WU H M.The recent research and development advice on the emulsion explosives in our country[J].Explosive Materials, 2003, 32(4):5-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2003.04.002
[4]	BJARNHOLT G.Effects of aluminium and lithium fluoride admixtures on metal acceleration ability of Comp B[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Detonation.San Diego, 1976: 510-520.
[5]	JOHNSON J N, TANG P K, FOREST C A.Shock-wave initiation of heterogeneous reactive solids[J].J Appl Phys, 1985, 57(9):4323-4334. doi: 10.1063/1.334591
[6]	GUIRGUIS R H, MILLER P J.Time-dependent equations of state for aluminized underwater explosives[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Detonation.Boston, 1993: 675-682.
[7]	TAO W C, TARVER C M, KURY J W, et al.Understanding composite explosive energetics: 4.reactive flow modeling of aluminum reaction kinetics in PETN and TNT using normalized product equation of state[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Detonation.Boston, 1993: 351-356.
[8]	MURAVYEV N, FROLOV Y, PIVKINA A, et al.Influence of particle size and mixing technology on combustion of HMX/Al compositions[J].Propell Explos Pyrot, 2010, 35(3):226-232. doi: 10.1002/prep.v35:3
[9]	RITTER H, BRAUN S.High explosives containing ultrafine aluminum ALEX[J].Propell Explos Pyrot, 2001, 26(6):311-314. doi: 10.1002/1521-4087(200112)26:6<311::AID-PREP311>3.0.CO;2-S
[10]	冯晓军, 王晓峰, 李媛媛, 等.铝粉粒度和爆炸环境对含铝炸药爆炸能量的影响[J].火炸药学报, 2013, 36(6):24-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7812.2013.06.004 FENG X J, WANG X F, LI Y Y, et al.Effect of aluminum particle size and explosion atmosphere on the energy of explosion of aluminized explosive[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&ropellants, 2013, 36(6):24-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7812.2013.06.004
[11]	王彩玲, 陈松, 赵省向, 等.AI粉对RDX机械感度的影响[J].火工品, 2010(1):32-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2010.01.009 WANG C L, CHEN S, ZHAO S X, et al.Influence of Al powder on mechanical sensitivity of RDX[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics, 2010(1):32-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2010.01.009
[12]	金朋刚, 郭炜, 王建灵, 等.不同粒度铝粉在HMX基炸药中的能量释放特性[J].含能材料, 2015, 23(10):989-993. doi: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.10.013 JIN P G, GUO W, WANG J L, et al.Energy releasing characteristics of aluminum powder in HMX-based explosives[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2015, 23(10):989-993. doi: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.10.013
[13]	汪旭光, 聂森林, 云主惠, 等.浆状炸药的理论与实践[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 1985:26. WANG X G, NIE S L, YUN Z H, et al.Theory and practice of slurry explosive[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press, 1985:26.
[14]	蔡正千.热分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1993:235-236. CAI Z Q.Thermoanalysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press, 1993:235-236.
[15]	WESLEY W W.Thermal analysis[M].3rd ed.New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1986:127-131.