Experimental Study of Wide Strain Rates and Constitutive Model Based on Damage of 5083 Aluminum Alloy
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摘要: 5083铝合金材料在工程领域应用广泛，会受到包括冲击和碰撞等多种不同情况的强动加载，亟需对其宽应变率加载下的力学性能及其本构模型开展研究。首先，对5083铝合金进行了系统的准静态实验及中、高应变率加载下的拉伸和压缩实验，得到了宽应变率加载下的应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明，该材料在同一实验条件下所得到的应力-应变曲线，其强化阶段的拉伸曲线总是低于压缩曲线，并从微观机制上对这一现象进行了合理解释。然后，通过引入损伤，考虑了损伤对该材料拉伸加载情况下的力学性能影响。基于连续介质力学及其实验结果，获得了损伤演化方程。最后，借助改进的Johnson-Cook (JC)本构模型，并基于已确定的损伤演化方程，得到了考虑损伤的5083铝合金本构模型。通过实验曲线与所得模型曲线的对比，吻合良好，表明该模拟具有很好的适用性，能够对该材料的工程应用提供有效的科学依据、分析模型和必要的参考。
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关键词:
- 5083铝合金 /
- 冲击 /
- 损伤 /
- Johnson-Cook模型 /
- 本构关系
Abstract: The 5083 aluminum alloy is widely used in engineering, and is inevitably subjected to a variety of different loadings, including strong dynamic loading such as impact and collision.Therefore it is necessary to study its mechanical properties under loading of a wide range of strain rates as well as its constitutive model.With this in view, firstly, an experimental study of the 5083 aluminum alloy was carried out at quasi-static, middle and high strain rates of tension and compression loading and the stress-strain curves of the wide strain rate were obtained.The experimental results show that in the strengthening stage, the tensile stress-strain curves are always lower than the compression stress-strain curves when the experimental condition is kept constant, so the phenomenon is explained by microscopic mechanism.Then, by introducing damage into our study, the effects of damage on the material's mechanical properties were considered under impact tensile loading.Based on the continuum mechanics and experimental results, the damage evolution equation was obtained.Finally, by improving the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive model and the existing damage evolution equation, the dynamic constitutive model considering the damage of the 5083 aluminum alloy was established.By comparing the experimental curves with the model curves, it was found that their fitting is good, showing that the proposed model has good applicability.Our research can serve as an effective scientific basis, an analytical model and necessary reference for the engineering application of the 5083 aluminum alloy.-
Key words:
- 5083 aluminum alloy /
- impact /
- damage /
- Johnson-Cook model /
- constitutive relation
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图 1 准静态及中、高应变率拉伸实验试样尺寸
Figure 1. Sample specifications in quasi-static, middle and high strain rate tensile tests
图 2 不同应变率下5083铝合金的拉伸和压缩应力-应变曲线
Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of tensile and compression at different strain rates
图 3 不同加载应变率时的拉伸和压缩应力-应变曲线
Figure 3. Stress-strain curves of tensile and compression at different strain rates
图 4 拉伸应力与压缩应力的差值随应变的变化
Figure 4. Difference between the tensile stress and compressive stress varying with strain
图 5 相同应变下拉伸与压缩的应力差值随应变的变化
Figure 5. Difference of tensile stress and compression stress varying with strain at the same strain
图 6 不同应变率下损伤随应变的演化规律
Figure 6. Evolution law of damage varying with strain at different strain rates
图 7 一定应变率下不同的拉伸和压缩应变对应的应力值
Figure 7. Stress value of the different tensile strain and compressive strain at certain strain rates
图 8 准静态下拉伸和压缩理论曲线与实验曲线的对比
Figure 8. Comparison of theoretical curves with experimental curves of tension and compression in quasi-static state
图 9 高应变率下拉伸和压缩理论曲线与实验曲线的对比
Figure 9. Comparison of theoretical curves with experimental curves of tension and compression at high strain rates
图 10 其他应变率下拉伸和压缩理论曲线与实验曲线的对比
Figure 10. Comparison of theoretical curves and experimental curves of tension and compression at other strain rates
表 1 5083铝合金化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of 5083 aluminum alloy
(%) Mg Mn Si Zn Ti Cu Cr Fe 4.0-4.9 0.40-1.00 ≤0.40 ≤0.25 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 0.05-0.25 0.0-0.4 
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表 2 压缩实验试样尺寸
Table 2. Sample specifications in compression tests
$ \dot \varepsilon $/(s-1) d/(mm) h/(mm) 0.000 2, 1 270-2 700 10 8 0.001, 2 700-3 800 10 6 0.01, 2 100-7 130 6 4
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表 3 屈服应力随应变率的变化关系
Table 3. Variation of yield stress with strain rates
$ \dot \varepsilon $/(s-1) σs/(MPa) 0.000 2 152.21 0.010 0 151.21 1 150.54 10 149.31 100 166.11 400 177.66
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表 4 应变率敏感系数
Table 4. Strain rate sensitivity coefficient
λ Sensitivity coefficient Tension Compression λ1 -3.698 61 -4.440 0 λ2 8.660 89 5.809 4
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表 5 5083铝合金的JC模型参数
Table 5. JC model parameters of 5083 aluminum alloy
A n C1 C2 Dk e f p q εth 149.3 0.626 6 -0.002 97 0.018 01 0.110 7 -0.004 75 0.149 4 6.824 6 -1.447 5 0.002 42
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