Numerical Simulation of Influence of Projectiles' Boundary Effect on Ballistic Resistance Property of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy Targets
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摘要: 利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立仿真模型，研究不同边界条件的弹体撞击2 mm厚的2A12铝合金靶体，得出初始结构目标剩余速度和弹道极限速度。根据仿真结果，分析弹体边界效应对靶板失效模式以及抗侵彻性能的影响。研究结果表明，弹体的边界效应对于靶体的剩余速度影响很小，当弹体初速较高时几乎可以忽略不计，而对于靶体的失效模式影响则较大，内凹过渡弹体撞击靶体所产生的整体变形和裂纹扩展程度最高，其次分别为斜切过渡、外凸过渡和垂直过渡。此外，弹体的初始速度也会影响到靶体的结构变形，影响程度与弹体的边界效应有关。Abstract: The finite element software, ABAQUS, has been used to establish the simulation models in order to study the performance of 2A12 aluminum alloy targets (with a thickness of 2 mm) impacted by projectiles (with different boundary conditions), and the data of the targets' residual velocities and ballistic limit velocities have been obtained. Based on the simulation results, the influence of the boundary effect on the projectile target failure models and ballistic resistance property are analyzed. The results achieved on the basis of the numerical study show that the influence of the projectiles' boundary effect on the targets' residual velocities is very much limited, becoming almost negligible when the projectile's velocity is high. However, this effect on the targets' failure models is significantly great:the targets' whole deformation and crack extension are increasingly more and more obvious when impacted by vertical-projectiles, convex-projectiles, bevel-projectiles, and concave-projectiles. In addition, the initial velocity of the projectiles can also influence the structural deformations, the degree of which is related to the projectiles' boundary effect.
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Key words:
- numerical simulation /
- boundary effect /
- impact /
- single target
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图 2 弹靶有限元模型(垂直过渡弹体)
Figure 2. Finite element models of targets and projectiles (vertical-transited projectile)
图 3 网格过渡方法(垂直过渡弹体)
Figure 3. Finite element model of impacted zone (vertical-transited projectile)
图 4 弹体贯穿靶体的初始-剩余速度关系曲线
Figure 4. Residual velocity versus initial velocity for targets
图 5 2A12薄靶对不同弹体撞击的动能变化与初始速度的关系
Figure 5. Kinetic energy variable versus initial velocity for 2A12 targets to different nose shape projectiles
图 6 数值模拟得到的垂直过渡弹体贯穿单层靶图像(vi=100.5 m/s, vr=59.44 m/s)
Figure 6. Pictures of targets perforated by vertical-projectiles for numerical simulations (vi=100.5 m/s, vr=59.44 m/s)
图 7 数值模拟得到的外凸过渡弹体贯穿单层靶图像(vi=100 m/s, vr=57.34 m/s)
Figure 7. Pictures of targets perforated by convex-projectiles for numerical simulations (vi=100 m/s, vr=57.34 m/s)
图 8 数值模拟得到的斜切过渡弹体贯穿单层靶图像(vi=100 m/s, vr=57.04 m/s)
Figure 8. Pictures of targets perforated by bevel-projectiles for numerical simulations (vi=100 m/s, vr=57.04 m/s)
图 9 数值模拟得到的内凹过渡弹体贯穿单层靶图像(vi=100 m/s, vr=49.72 m/s)
Figure 9. Pictures of targets perforated by concave-projectiles for numerical simulations (vi=100 m/s, vr=49.72 m/s)
E/(GPa) Tr/(K) Tm/(K) m ${{\dot \varepsilon }_0}$/(s-1) c2/(MPa) 71.7 293 863 1.426 1.11×10-3 288.0 c1 ω A/(MPa) σu/(MPa) εu C 0.071 3 0.0 400.0 635.0 0.125 5 0.001 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 0.116 0.211 -2.172 0.012 -0.012 56 13.04 
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E/(GPa) ν ρ/(kg/m3) σ0/(MPa) Et/(MPa) 204 0.33 7 850 1 900 15 000
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表 3 数值模拟结果
Table 3. Data of numerical simulations
Vertical Convex Bevel Concave vi/(m/s) vr/(m/s) vi/(m/s) vr/(m/s) vi/(m/s) vr/(m/s) vi/(m/s) vr/(m/s) 89.31 0 85 0 85 2.31 85 0 93.13 29.26 90 30.89 90 29.72 90 19.98 96.00 45.29 95 47.35 95 46.33 95 31.29 100.50 59.44 100 57.34 100 57.04 100 49.72 101.05 60.67 110 76.76 110 74.74 110 69.44 103.53 66.61 120 92.38 120 89.71 120 85.16 114.78 86.89 130 105.49 130 103.43 130 99.52 132.42 111.69 140 118.38 140 116.61 140 113.39 142.22 122.02 150 130.68 150 128.56 150 125.17
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表 4 弹体对靶体的弹道极限及模型参数
Table 4. Ballistic limits and model constants of targets against projectiles
Projectile mode a vbl/(m/s) p Vertical 0.98 90.8 2.75 Convex 0.98 86.8 2.46 Bevel 0.97 87.1 2.45 Concave 0.96 89.5 2.40
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