Numerical Simulation of Projectile Penetration into Porous Ceramic Plates Based on FEM/SPH Algorithm
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摘要: 基于军用人员运输和弹药运输车辆对小型动能弹的防护需求，多孔板作为新型防护装甲可以在保证防护作用的前提下实现装甲防护轻量化。关于陶瓷多孔板的装甲防护性能研究较少。基于LS-DYNA 3D软件，应用FEM/SPH耦合算法对弹丸侵彻不同形状(三角形、圆形、正方形)孔结构的AD95陶瓷多孔板进行了数值模拟。通过计算得出不同形状多孔板的相对防护系数，比较弹丸的剩余速度及动能, 可以优选出防护性能最佳、质量更轻的多孔板。研究发现，圆孔板抗弹性能最优，并且FEM/SPH耦合算法能形象地模拟陶瓷的开裂、飞溅现象，与实际情况吻合更好。Abstract: As a new type of protective armor used to meet the needs of military transport vehicles for protection against projectiles of small kinetic energy, the porous plate can achieve the purpose of light-weight armor protection while ensuring the protective requirement. There has been little research on armor performance of ceramic porous plates at home and abroad. In this work, we simulated the process of KE-projectile penetrating AD95 ceramic plates with holes of different shapes (triangle, circle, square) using the FEM/SPH coupled algorithm based on LS-DYNA3D software. By calculating the protective coefficient of plates with holes of different shapes and comparing the residual velocity and kinetic energy of bullet, we optimized the porous plates to achieve the best protective performance and lightest weight. It was found that the elastic properties of plate with circular holes plate is the best. The FEM/SPH coupling algorithm can simulate the ceramic's cracking and splashing. Besides, the numerically simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Key words:
- armor protection /
- FEM/SPH algorithm /
- porous ceramic plate /
- numerical simulation
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图 1 计算模型和不同孔形多孔板
Figure 1. Computational model and plates with holes of different shapes
图 2 动能弹侵彻陶瓷板60 μs时两种算法的效果图
Figure 2. Design sketch of ceramic plates dip-penetrated by KE-projectile on two algorithms at 60 μs
图 3 两种算法陶瓷板及背板的能量变化曲线
Figure 3. Energy curves of ceramic and rear plates obtained by two algorithms
图 4 不同孔形陶瓷板100 μs时应力分布云图
Figure 4. Stress contours of different holes ceramic plates at 100 μs
图 5 弹丸动能速度和各板能量的变化曲线
Figure 5. Energy curves of bullet and plate on different hole plates
表 1 弹体与靶板模型参数
Table 1. Model parameters of bullet and target
Material ρ/(g/cm3) A/(GPa) B/(GPa) c n m Tm/(K) 45 Steel 7.83 1.60 0.22 0.020 0.08 1.0 1 520 603 Steel 7.85 1.75 0.21 0.017 0.07 1.0 1 660 
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ρ/(g/cm3) A N C T/(GPa) B M νHEL/(GPa) σHEL/(GPa) 3.6 0.88 0.64 0.007 0.262 0.28 0.60 5.3 3.75 pHEL/(GPa) G/(GPa) K1/(GPa) K2/(GPa) K3/(GPa) β D1 D2 σf, max 2.8 118.1 228.6 191.4 111.5 1.0 0.02 0.83 0.5
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表 3 不同孔形板的防护系数
Table 3. Protection factors of plates with different holes
Hole
structurePenetrating
degree/(°)Twp/(mm) Tb/(mm) δt/(mm) ρt /(g/cm3) Protection
factorNR Triangle 60 1.5 7.8 10 3.61 1.379 1.156 90 2.6 7.8 10 3.61 1.138 1.107 Circle 60 1.2 7.8 10 3.41 1.529 1.282 90 2.3 7.8 10 3.41 1.272 1.239 Square 60 1.6 7.8 10 3.31 1.479 1.239 90 2.7 7.8 10 3.31 1.207 1.174 None 60 0.8 7.8 10 4.61 1.193 90 1.8 7.8 10 4.61 1.028
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