Characteristic Parameters of Debris Cloud Produced by HypervelocityImpact of Conical Projectiles on Spacecraft Shield
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摘要: 空间碎片在撞击航天器防护结构时会产生碎片云,而碎片云又将对航天器造成二次损伤,因此很有必要针对不同形状的空间碎片超高速撞击产生的二次碎片云特性进行研究。选取航空材料Al 2017-T4、Al 2A12作为弹丸和防护屏材料,采用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN-2D结合光滑质点流体动力学方法,对不同长径比的锥形弹丸分别以锥底和锥尖超高速正撞击单层防护屏薄板所产生的碎片云特性进行数值模拟,得到了碎片云的前端轴向速度、径向直径、轴向长度及穿孔直径等特性参数随弹丸撞击部位及长径比变化的规律。Abstract: Space debris of different shapes, when impacting spacecraft protection structures, may produce debris clouds which in turn cause secondary damage on the spacecraft.Therefore, it is of great necessity to investigate the characteristics of debris clouds formed from hypervelocity impact by space debris of diverse shapes.We selected 2 aerospace materials, Al 2017-T4 and Al 2A12, respectively as the impacting projectile and the spacecraft shield material, and performed numerical simulations utilizing the smoothened particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique with the nonlinear dynamic analysis software AUTODYN-2D.We investigated numerically the characteristics of debris clouds, which were generated by the hypervelocity impact of conical projectiles with the same mass and striking velocity but different length-radius ratios normally on the single protective plate in the conical bottom and tip directions.The results show that the axial velocity of the tip particle, the radial diameter and the axial length of debris clouds, and the diameter of the perforation hole are affected by the length-radius ratio and the impact direction of conical projectiles, and their changing regularities are established in the pres
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表 1 数值模拟与实验所得的特征点轴向速度的比较
Table 1. Comparison between experimental and simulation results for the axial velocity of the feature points
Targetthickness/(mm) Impactvelocity/(km/s) Axial velocity of featurepoints in experiments Axial velocity of featurepoints in simulation Relative error vA/(km/s) vB/(km/s) vA′/(km/s) vB′/(km/s) εA/(%) εB/(%) 1.0 2.27 1.8944 1.8963 1.9670 1.9656 3.83 3.65 1.0 3.02 2.5110 2.4959 2.6038 2.6652 3.69 5.97 1.0 3.23 2.7233 2.6488 2.8262 2.8069 3.78 5.97 1.0 3.78 3.2429 3.1478 3.3634 3.2769 3.72 4.10 1.0 4.25 3.4645 3.5212 3.5440 3.5864 2.29 1.85 1.0 5.04 4.3724 4.1780 4.5747 4.3196 4.63 3.39 Note:(1)vA is the leading speed of debris clouds (feature point A), and vB is the marginal speed in the forepart ofdebris clouds with larger density (feature point B);
(2)vA′,vB′ are the speed of identical feature points in numerical simulation, and εA, εB are their relative errors.α Size of projectile L/(mm) D/(mm) 0.1 1.6287 16.287 0.2 2.5860 12.930 0.3 3.3870 11.290 0.4 4.1040 10.260 0.6 5.3778 8.965 0.8 6.5144 8.143 1.0 7.5600 7.560 2.0 12.00 6.00 3.0 15.72 5.24 4.0 19.04 4.76 6.0 24.96 4.16 8.0 30.24 3.78 10.0 35.10 3.51 表 3 不同长径比锥形弹丸锥底撞击形成碎片云的数值模拟结果
Table 3. Simulation results of debris clouds impacted by projectiles with differentlength-radius ratios in the direction of cone bottom
α Axial velocity of tip particle/(km/s) Radial dimension/(mm) Axial length/(mm) Hole diameter/(mm) 0.1 3.5806 32.278 81.698 16.6684 0.2 5.7305 40.598 83.818 16.3250 0.3 5.7340 48.956 83.614 15.7526 0.4 5.8275 58.518 84.838 15.0956 0.6 5.6250 64.774 82.353 13.0844 0.8 5.6505 64.190 82.713 12.7602 1.0 5.8398 66.592 85.374 11.4076 2.0 5.9357 59.242 86.927 10.2376 3.0 5.4453 61.584 79.821 9.4718 4.0 5.3586 58.646 78.555 9.3768 6.0 5.6946 61.042 83.393 8.2540 8.0 6.3262 60.396 92.558 8.1754 10.0 5.0978 52.116 74.844 7.7512 表 4 不同长径比锥形弹丸锥尖撞击形成碎片云的数值模拟结果
Table 4. Simulation results of debris clouds impacted by projectiles with differentlength-radius ratios in the direction of cone tip
α Axial velocityof tip particle/(km/s) Radialdimension/(mm) Axiallength/(mm) Holediameter/(mm) 0.1 5.1649 32.668 74.712 17.4712 0.2 5.0323 42.228 72.807 15.9812 0.3 5.2247 41.984 75.539 14.9206 0.4 5.2867 40.692 76.167 13.6632 0.6 4.9368 42.636 70.328 12.2956 0.8 4.9753 53.804 71.124 11.5832 1.0 4.8459 54.040 68.735 10.5408 2.0 4.8739 56.954 69.467 7.3228 3.0 5.0391 50.260 71.127 6.8314 4.0 5.0389 49.238 70.679 5.6080 6.0 5.1722 45.580 72.102 4.5636 8.0 5.0962 40.692 71.175 3.7760 10.0 5.0747 35.790 70.789 3.7154 -
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