Gaseous Detonation Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles
doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2016.03.005
-
摘要: 以粉末状与气态二茂铁为原料,以氢气和氧气混合气体为爆轰能源,采用气相爆轰法进行了合成碳包覆铁纳米颗粒实验。 XRD和TEM实验结果表明,采用两种不同状态的二茂铁,均得到了纳米碳包覆铁颗粒。 该包覆颗粒的组成核为铁或铁碳化合物,外层壳主要由石墨碳组成,大部分球形纳米颗粒尺寸分布于5~30nm 之间。 通过对比发现,采用气态二茂铁爆轰时,所得到的碳包铁粒度分布较为集中,壳层厚度比较均匀,且粒子具有较好的球形状。最后结合铁碳合金相图,从热处理角度对气相爆轰合成碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的机理进行了分析,得出产物中α-Fe与Fe3C的形成过程。 分析了碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的磁滞回线,其表现出硬磁性与顺磁性双重性质。Abstract: Carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles were formed using a gaseous detonation method in a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in which the powder and gaseous forms of ferrocene were used as the raw materials.X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that using either of the two different states of ferrocene yields carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles.The encapsulated particles were composed of iron or iron-carbon compounds as the core, and the outer shell was mainly composed of graphitic carbon.The sizes of most spherical nanoparticles varied between 5 and 30 nm.When using gaseous ferrocene in the detonation, the particle size distribution was narrower, the thickness of the shell layer was more uniform, and the particles had a higher sphericity.Using the iron-carbon alloy phase diagram, an analysis of the mechanism for gaseous detonation synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles was carried out.The magnetic hysteresis loops of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles were analyzed, which exhibit the dual natures of hard magnetic and paramagnetic.
-
Key words:
- nanoparticles /
- gaseous detonation /
- carbon-encapsulated Iron /
- X-ray diffraction /
- TEM
-
Table 1. Molar amount of each atom before and after the reaction
Time H/(mol) O/(mol) C/(mol) Fe/(mol) Before reaction 0.536 0.348 0.188 0.018 8 After reaction 0 0 0.180 0.018 8 Table 2. Magnetic analysis of the samples
No. Ms/(A·m2/kg) Mr/(A·m2/kg) Hc/[(250/π)A/m] Mr/Ms 1 84.70 8.22 142 0.097 -
[1] CHARINPANITKUL T, TANTHAPANICHAKOON W, SANO N.Carbon nanostructures synthesized by arc discharge between carbon and iron electrodes in liquid nitrogen [J].Current Appl Phys, 2009, 9(3):629-632. doi: 10.1016/j.cap.2008.05.018 [2] EL-GENDY A A, IBRAHIM E M M, KHAVRUS V O, et al.The synthesis of carbon coated Fe, Co and Ni nanoparticles and an examination of their magnetic properties [J].Carbon, 2009, 47(12):2821-2828. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.06.025 [3] RADHAKRISHNAN G, ADAMS P M, BERNSTEIN L S.Room-temperature deposition of carbon nanomaterials by excimer laser ablation [J].Thin Solid Films, 2006, 515(3):1142-1146. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.07.120 [4] WU W Z, ZHU Z P, LIU Z Y, et al.Preparation of carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles by an explosion method [J].Carbon, 2003, 41(2):317-321. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00292-0 [5] STAVER A M, GUBAREVA N V, LYAMKIN A I, et al.Ultrafine diamond powders made by the use of explosion energy [J].Combust Explos Shock, 1984, 20(5):567-570. doi: 10.1007/BF00782253 [6] BELOSHAPKO A G, BUKAEMSKⅡ A A, STAVER A M.Formation of ultradispersed compounds upon shock wave loading of porous aluminum.Study of particles obtained [J].Combust Explos Shock, 1990, 26(4):457-461. doi: 10.1007/BF00745089 [7] LUO N, LI X J, WANG X H, et al.Synthesis of carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles by a detonation method [J].Combust Explos Shock Waves, 2010, 46(5):609-613. doi: 10.1007/s10573-010-0081-x [8] LUO N, LI X J, LIU K X, et al.Preparation of carbon-coated copper nanoparticles by detonation decomposition of copper ion doped sol-gel explosive precursors [J].J Nanopart Res, 2013, 15(5):1-9. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=89931106fa8bd06837dff893586f14b6 [9] LUO N, LIU K X, LI X J, et al.Systematic study of detonation synthesis of Ni-based nanoparticles [J].Chem Eng J, 2012, 210:114-119. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.073 [10] LI X J, OUYANG X, YAN H H, et al.Detonation synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in gas phase [J].Adv Mater Res, 2008, 32:13-16. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.32 [11] YAN H H, XI S X, HUANG X C.Study on nano SiO2 synthesized by gaseous detonation under different initial temperature [J].Mater Sci Forum, 2011, 694:180-183. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.694 [12] YAN H H, WU L S, LI X J, et al.Detonation synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles in gaseous phase method [J].Rare Metal Mater Eng, 2013, 42(7):1325-1327. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5372(13)60078-8 [13] 邹安全, 邓沛然, 邓芬燕, 等.可锻铸铁多段热处理工艺研究[J].中国工程科学, 2005, 7(12):74-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2005.12.013ZOU A Q, DENG P R, DENG F Y, et al.Study on technology of multistage heat treatment for malleable iron [J].Engineering Science, 2005, 7(12):74-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2005.12.013