Hypervelocity Impact Experiment and Simulation for Ejecta
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摘要: 随着人类航天活动日益频繁，由微流星体和空间微小碎片超高速撞击航天器表面反溅生成的溅射物，对空间碎片环境的影响将越来越大。利用2017-T4铝合金球弹丸超高速正撞击5A06铝合金靶板进行了地面模拟实验与数值仿真计算，研究了反溅碎片特性参数，其中包括溅射物的平均速度、平均尺寸、平均溅射角，为空间碎片溅射物模型的建立奠定基础。采用多元回归方法，确定了溅射物平均速度与弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸之间的函数关系。研究表明，利用光滑粒子法（SPH）进行数值仿真计算，可以有效模拟溅射物平均尺寸、平均速度、平均溅射角；溅射物平均速度随弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸的增加而增加；溅射物基本呈圆锥形反溅，溅射物平均溅射角在41左右，基本不受弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸的影响。Abstract: With more and more frequently increasing of human's space activities, ejecta produced by micrometeoroid and small space debris impacting on spacecraft surface will also further affect the space debris environment. The ground experiments and numerical simulations about aluminum sphere projectile hypervelocity impacting on 5A06 aluminum plate were carried out in this work. The mean value of the special ejecta parameters, such as the mean velocity of ejecta, the mean size of ejecta, the mean ejected angle of ejecta, were studied, setting up a foundation for constructing the space debris environment model for ejecta. In this paper, multiple regression method was used to obtain the relation among the mean velocity of ejecta, the impact velocity, and the size of the projectile. The results show that SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) can be effectively used in numerically simulating the mean velocity of ejecta, the mean size of ejecta and the mean ejected angle of ejecta; the mean velocity of ejecta increases with the impact velocity, and the size of the projectile; the ejecta in the process of material ejection can obey cone shape approximately, and the mean ejected angle is nearly 41 but basically unaffected by the impact velocity and the size of the projectile.
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Key words:
- space debris /
- ejecta /
- hypervelocity impact /
- simulation /
- smoothed particle hydrodynamics
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