Possible Existence of Ultra Fast Polarity Diffusion Process of ZnO under High Pressure
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摘要: 利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段，研究了在5 GPa 压力下六方ZnO粉末的结晶过程。系统考查了温度与保温时间对ZnO扩散与结晶过程的影响。结果发现，在高压下ZnO固体的扩散速度大大增加，400 ℃保温0.5 h即可获得理论密度达99%以上的单相、致密的六方相ZnO陶瓷，所有样品均沿晶界开裂，并导致500 ℃以上只能获得单晶与多晶混合的粉末样品；850 ℃保温5 min可制备出平均尺寸超过100 m、最大尺寸超过350 m的浅黄色单晶。对实验结果的分析表明：ZnO固体在高压下可能存在一种超快极性扩散机制，这一效应使高压下的ZnO晶粒沿择优方向迅速生长，晶界快速迁移，相邻晶粒生长融合，最后形成单晶；而晶粒在生长过程中沿其它方向发生收缩，促使样品沿晶界开裂。Abstract: The effects of heating temperature and duration time on the process of ZnO crystallization under the pressure of 5 GPa are studied systemically by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the diffusion rate of ZnO increases greatly under high-pressure and the sample density higher than 99% of the theoretical value can be achieved after heated at 400 ℃ and 5 GPa for 0.5 h. With the increasing of the heating temperature, micro-cracks develop along crystal boundary in all samples, and eventually ZnO powder mixed with single crystals and poly-crystals forms above 500 ℃. The pale yellow crystallites with an average size of 100 m and the largest size more than 350 m was obtained at 850 ℃ after heating of 5 min. The sample morphology analysis shows that the reason for the ultra fast crystallization of ZnO under highpressure is possibly caused by a very quick diffusion rate of ZnO along certain direction. The crystal boundary along such direction moves very quickly under high-pressure until the neighboring micro-crystals merge into a single crystal in a short time, while the micro-crystals shrink in the other direction and cause micro-cracks along other crystal boundaries.
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Key words:
- ZnO /
- high-pressure /
- crystal growth
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