约束对陶瓷/钢复合靶板抗侵彻性能的影响

夏习持; 李永清; 侯海量; 李典

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220624

约束对陶瓷/钢复合靶板抗侵彻性能的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220624

海军工程大学舰船与海洋学院, 湖北武汉　430033

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52101378）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏习持（1998－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事舰船毁伤与防护研究. E-mail：xxc10101012@163.com

通讯作者:
李　典（1990－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事舰船抗爆抗冲击研究. E-mail：lidian916@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 117
- HTML全文浏览量: 70
- PDF下载量: 37
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-05
- 修回日期: 2022-08-31
- 录用日期: 2022-09-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-23
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-05

Effect of Constraints on the Penetration Resistance of Ceramic/Steel Composite Target Plate

College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究施加约束对陶瓷破碎位移规律和陶瓷复合装甲抗侵彻性能的影响，采用光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元法（SPH-FEM）对柱状弹侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板进行了数值模拟，根据陶瓷复合装甲的破坏响应特性和弹体运动、受力变化，对侵彻过程进行了阶段划分，并在此基础上分析了自约束、侧向约束、面板约束3种约束方式对陶瓷破碎位移的影响，并对靶板防护性能进行了改进。结果表明：通过施加约束限制陶瓷锥的位移是充分发挥陶瓷复合装甲防护能力的关键，施加3种约束方式均能够减小破碎陶瓷的横向位移或纵向位移，从而在一定范围内有效提升陶瓷复合靶板的抗侵彻能力。
- 轻型陶瓷复合装甲 /
- 破碎过程 /
- 约束作用 /
- 柱形弹
Abstract: In order to explore the effect of constraints on the displacement law of broken ceramics and the penetration resistance of ceramic composite armor, the SPH-FEM (smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method) coupling method was used to simulate the penetration of cylindrical bullets into ceramic/steel composite target plates. According to the failure response characteristics of the ceramic composite armor, the movement of the bullet and the change of the force on the bullet, the penetration process was divided into stages. Based on this, the influence of self-restraint, circumferential restraint and panel restraint on the displacement law of broken ceramics was analyzed. The influence of different constraint forms on the improvement of target protection performance was also studied. In addition, the results show that limiting the displacement of ceramic cone by imposing constraints is the key to give full play to the protective ability of ceramic composite armor. The application of the three restraint forms can reduce the lateral or longitudinal displacement of the broken ceramics, thus the penetration resistance of the ceramic composite target can be improved in a certain range.
- ceramic lightweight composite armor /
- breaking process /
- restraint /
- cylindrical bullet

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图 1 靶板有限元计算模型

Figure 1. Finite element model of target plate

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图 2 现有实验的靶板及模型

Figure 2. Target plate and model of existing experiment

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图 3 带有侧向约束的靶板构型^[15]

Figure 3. Structure of target plate with circumferential constraint^[15]

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图 4 1号实验靶板及弹体破坏形貌的实验和数值模拟对比

Figure 4. Comparison of damage morphologies of target plate and projectile between experiment and numerical simulation in No.1

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图 5 4～6号实验靶板及弹体破坏形貌的实验和数值模拟对比

Figure 5. Comparison of damage morphologies of target plate and projectile between experiment and numerical simulation in No.4–6

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图 6 无约束陶瓷复合靶板模型

Figure 6. Model of unconstrained ceramic composite target

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图 7 弹体速度和受力时程曲线

Figure 7. Time history curves of velocity and force of bullet

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图 8 弹体侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶板的破坏过程

Figure 8. Failure process of ceramic composite target impacted by bullet

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图 9 陶瓷锥形成发展示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of ceramic cone development

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图 10 不同约束方式下的靶板模型

Figure 10. Models of targets with different constraints

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图 11 陶瓷自约束效应示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of ceramic intrinsic constraint

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图 12 弹体受力随陶瓷直径变化的时程曲线

Figure 12. Time history curves of force on bullet with different diameters of ceramics

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图 13 设置观测点

Figure 13. Observation point setting

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图 14 观测点的速度和位移时程曲线

Figure 14. Time history curves of velocity and displacement of observation points

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图 15 陶瓷面板速度云图

Figure 15. Velocity distribution of ceramic plate

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图 16 观测点位移随陶瓷直径变化的时程曲线

Figure 16. Time history curves of displacement of observation point with different diameters of ceramics

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图 17 弹体剩余速度和单位面密度吸能随陶瓷直径的变化

Figure 17. Residual velocity-diameter curve and energy absorption-diameter curve

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图 18 弹体受力随侧向约束厚度变化时程曲线

Figure 18. Time history curves of force on bullet with different thickness of circumferential constraints

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图 21 t=27 μs时侧向约束靶板的变形破坏

Figure 21. Damage of circumferential constrained target at t=27 μs

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图 19 t=8 μs时有/无侧向约束陶瓷损伤对比

Figure 19. Comparison of ceramic damage with/without circumferential constraint at t=8 μs

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图 20 不同侧向约束厚度下观测点的位移时程曲线

Figure 20. Time history curves of displacement of observation point with different thicknesses of circumferential constraints

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图 22 弹体剩余速度及单位面密度吸能随钢圈厚度的变化曲线

Figure 22. Residual velocity-thickness curve and energy absorption-thickness curve of bullet

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图 23 放置面板的靶板计算模型

Figure 23. Finite element model of ceramic target with panel

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图 24 有/无面约束时陶瓷的损伤对比

Figure 24. Comparison of ceramic damage with/without surface confinement

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图 25 t=27 μs时施加面约束下靶板的破坏形貌

Figure 25. Damage of ceramic target with surfaceconfinement at t=27 μs

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图 26 不同靶面约束下弹体的剩余速度和剩余动能对比

Figure 26. Comparison of residual velocity and kinetic energy of bullet under different surface constraints of target

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图 27 弹体剩余速度随面板厚度变化曲线

Figure 27. Curve of residual velocity ofbullet with panel thickness

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图 28 观测点位移随面板厚度变化的时程曲线

Figure 28. Time history curves of displacement of observation point with different thicknesses of panel

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图 29 对陶瓷施加不同约束后弹体的剩余速度变化曲线

Figure 29. Curves of bullet residual velocity after applying different constraints on ceramics

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表 1 45钢和Q235钢的相关材料参数^[16–17]

Table 1. Mechanical parameters of 45 steel and Q235 steel^[16–17]

Material	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	ν	σ₀/MPa	E_t/MPa	C/s⁻¹	P
45 steel	7850	210	0.3	335	525	40.4	5
Q235 steel	7800	210	0.3	235	250	40.4	5

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表 2 T12A钢、6061铝合金和304钢的相关材料参数

Table 2. Mechanical parameters of T12A steel，6061 Al alloy and 304 steel

Material	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	c_p/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	A/MPa	B/MPa	m	n	C₁
T12A steel	7830	77.0	477	1300	510	0.94	0.26	0.014
6061 Al alloy	2700	27.6	885	290	125	1.00	0.34	0.100
304 steel	7900	77.0	423	340	730	1.03	0.35	0.014

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表 3 陶瓷材料的相关参数^{[16, 19]}

Table 3. Mechanical parameters of ceramics^{[16, 19]}

Material	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	T/GPa	A₁	B₁	C₁	M	N	$S{_{\rm{F} }^{\rm{max} } }$/GPa
SiC	3163	183	0.37	0.96	0.35	0	1.00	0.65	0.8
Al₂O₃	3700	90	0.20	0.93	0.31	0	0.60	0.60	1.3

Material	σ_HEL/GPa	p_HEL/GPa	T_HEL/GPa	K₁/GPa		K₂/GPa	K₃/GPa	D₁	D₂
SiC	14.567	5.90	13.0	204.785		0	0	0.480	0.48
Al₂O₃	2.790	1.46	2.0	130.950		0	0	0.005	1.00

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表 4 实验与数值模拟结果对比

Table 4. Comparison of numerical simulation and test results

No.	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	v_r			K/σ
No.	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	Test/(m·s⁻¹)	SPH-FEM/(m·s⁻¹)	Error/%	Test/(J·m²·kg⁻¹)	SPH-FEM/(J·m²·kg⁻¹)		Error/%
1	995.1	483.5	445	−8.0	119.8	125.5		4.7
2	986.3	468.6	417	−8.9	119.3	125.2		4.9
3	962.5	455.0	448	−1.5	113.9	115.0		8.7

No.	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	Condition	Structure form			DOP
No.	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	Condition	Structure form			Test/mm	SPH-FEM/mm	Error/%
4	758	Blank	70 mm Al alloy			26.92	26.11	−3.0
5	764	Unconfined	10 mm Al₂O₃ ceramics+30 mm Al alloy			8.37	8.54	1.6
6	756	Laterally confined	10 mm Al₂O₃ ceramics+30 mm Al alloy			6.83	6.51	−5.4

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