Numerical Simulation of Anti-Penetration of Al/CFRP/Hybrid Honeycomb Aluminum Composite Sandwich Multilayer Structure
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摘要: 结合金属/复合材料层合结构的抗侵彻能力，基于混合蜂窝结构低成本、高韧性以及在低速冲击下吸能的特点，设计了一种Al/CFRP（carbon fiber reinforced plastics）/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构，旨在利用各层结构特点，逐步降低弹体速度，高效吸收弹体动能，以达到防护效果。为探究Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构在弹体侵彻下的损伤演化规律及吸能特性，开展了Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构在弹体侵彻下的数值分析，探讨了冲击能量对多层结构抗侵彻性能的影响。结果表明：与Al/CFRP复合结构相比，引入混合蜂窝铝后，结构给予弹体的反作用力增大，在能量不变的情况下，弹体作用板的时间变短。在Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构抗侵彻过程中，Al板和CFRP芯层主要抵抗侵彻以降低弹体速度，混合蜂窝铝主要是吸能。在 40 J的冲击能量下，结构总吸能为36.79 J，比吸能为0.217 J/g，蜂窝铝芯层吸能占主要部分，吸能比率为30.3%；随着冲击能量的增大，蜂窝铝芯层的吸能比率增至56.2%，即冲击能量较大时蜂窝铝芯层的吸能效果更好。Abstract: Due to the low cost, high toughness and energy absorption characteristics of hybrid honeycomb structure under low velocity impact, an Al/carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/hybrid honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure was designed. The kinetic energy of the projectile was supposed to be effectively absorbed and the protection was supposed to be achieved through gradually reducing the velocity of the projectile layer by layer. In order to investigate the damage evolution law and energy absorption characteristics, numerical analysis was carried out, and the impact energy effect on the penetration resistance of multilayer structure was discussed. It is found that, compared with the Al/CFRP composite structure, the reaction force given by the structure becomes larger for hybrid honeycomb aluminum. Hence, with an identical energy, the time of the projectile acting on the plate becomes shorter. In the process of anti-penetration of Al/CFRP/hybrid aluminum honeycomb composite sandwich multilayer, the Al plate and CFRP core mainly resist the penetration, and the honeycomb aluminum mainly absorbs the energy of the projectile. When the impact energy is 40 J, the total absorbed energy is 36.79 J, and the specific energy absorption is 0.217 J/g, the honeycomb aluminum core layer absorbs the main part of the energy with the proportion of 30.3%; as the impact energy increases, the proportion increases to 56.2%. This indicates that the energy absorption of the honeycomb aluminum core layer is better when the impact energy increases.
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图 2 数值模拟得到的Al板的力-位移曲线
Figure 2. Simulation results of force-displacement curves of Al plate
图 4 Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝夹芯结构的有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element model of Al/CFRP/hybrid honeycomb aluminum sandwich structure
图 5 Al板和Al/CFRP板的冲击力-时间曲线 (a)、冲击力-位移曲线 (b)、内能-时间曲线 (c)和动能-时间曲线 (d)
Figure 5. Force-time curves (a), force-displacement curves (b), internal energy-time curves (c) and kinetic energy-time curves (d) of Al plate and Al/CFRP panels
图 7 Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构的各层变形
Figure 7. Deformation of each layer of Al/CFRP/hybrid honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure
图 8 Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构的冲击力-位移曲线 (a) 和吸能-时间曲线 (b)
Figure 8. Al/CFRP/hybrid honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure: (a) force-displacement curves, (b) energy absorption-time curves
图 9 弹体侵彻Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝夹芯多层结构过程
Figure 9. Penetration process of Al/CFRP/hybrid honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure under projectile impact
图 10 Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝夹芯多层结构的动能-时间曲线
Figure 10. Kinetic energy-time curves of Al/CFRP/honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure
图 11 不同冲击能量下Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构的冲击力-位移曲线 (a)和吸能-时间曲线 (b)
Figure 11. Impact force-displacement curves (a) and energy absorption-time curves (b) of Al/CFRP/honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure at different impact energies
图 12 不同冲击能量下Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构中各层的吸能比率
Figure 12. Energy absorption proportion of each layer of Al/CFRP/honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure at different impact energies
表 1 7075-T651铝合金的材料参数以及Johnson-Cook本构模型和失效模型参数
Table 1. Material parameters, Johnson-Cook constitutive model and failure model parameters of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy
$ \rho $/(kg·m−3) E/GPa v A/MPa B/MPa n m Tm/K 2810 71.7 0.33 520 477 0.52 1.61 893 Tt/K D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 ${\dot\varepsilon {_0}}$/s−1 293 0.096 0.049 3.465 0.016 1.099 0.0005 
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表 2 40 J冲击能量下峰值应力与吸能对比
Table 2. Comparison of peak stress and energy absorption when the impact energy is 40 J
Categories Peak force/kN Energy absorption/J This paper 3.48 21.42 Ref. [14] 3.58 22.08 Error/% 2.8 2.9
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ρ/(kg·m−3) E11/GPa E12/GPa E13/GPa G12/GPa G13/GPa G23/GPa ν12 ν13 1560 141 9.7 9.7 5.2 5.2 3.4 0.34 0.34 ν23 Xt/MPa Xc/MPa Yt/MPa Yc/MPa S12/MPa S13/MPa S23/MPa 0.44 2703 1737 81 312 57 57 57
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表 4 Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构的吸能情况
Table 4. Energy absorption of Al/CFRP/hybrid honeycomb aluminum composite sandwich multilayer structure
Core layer Energy absorption/J Mass/g Energy absorption ratio/% Specific energy absorption/(J·g−1) Upper aluminum plate 9.38 28.1 27.9 0.33 CFRP 9.59 23.4 28.5 0.41 Honeycomb aluminum 10.22 89.3 30.4 0.11 Lower aluminum plate 4.47 28.1 13.2 0.16
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表 5 冲击能量的影响
Table 5. Effect of impact energy
Impact energy/J Peak force/kN Maximum displacement/mm Energy absorption/J Specific energy absorption/(J·g−1) 40 12.7 7.0 36.8 0.218 80 16.4 9.0 71.8 0.425 120 17.1 11.6 107.0 0.633 200 17.2 16.1 162.3 0.959
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