电子雷管起爆条件下隧道掏槽孔与辅助孔的延时优化试验研究

李洪伟; 吴延梦; 吴立辉; 杨赛群; 管月强; 黄昕旭; 章万龙

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220638

电子雷管起爆条件下隧道掏槽孔与辅助孔的延时优化试验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220638

1.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院, 安徽淮南　232000
2.
马鞍山江南化工有限责任公司, 安徽马鞍山　243000
3.
淮南舜泰化工有限责任公司, 安徽淮南　232000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11872002）；安徽省教育厅高校科学研究项目（13190248）

详细信息

作者简介:
李洪伟（1979-），男，硕士，教授，主要从事控制爆破技术研究. E-mail：1227002529@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴延梦（1999-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石破碎理论与技术研究.E-mail：1904477218@qq.com

中图分类号: O346.1; TD235
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-11
- 修回日期: 2022-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-05

Experimental Study on Delay Time Optimization of Tunnel Cutting Holes and Caving Holes under Electronic Detonator Initiation Condition

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, Anhui, China
2.
Ma’anshan Jiangnan Chemical Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan 243000, Anhui, China
3.
Huainan Shuntai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Huainan 232000, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 起爆延时严重影响隧道爆破掘进效率，研究隧道精确控制爆破中岩石的破碎效果和掘进效率具有重要意义。为此，开展了隧道爆破中掏槽孔与辅助孔之间延时的相似模型试验研究，分析了不同起爆延时情况下岩石的破碎特征。模型试验表明，在隧道爆破中精确延时电子雷管对于提高爆破效果具有明显优势，得到了一定条件下模型试验与现场试验中起爆延时的相似关系。由现场试验可知：掏槽孔与辅助孔之间的最佳延时范围为15～25 ms，此时炮孔的利用率最高。结合相似理论的模型试验，得到最佳延时范围为8～24 ms，与现场试验结果具有较好的一致性，研究结果对隧道爆破掏槽孔与辅助孔之间的延时选取具有指导意义。
- 隧道爆破 /
- 电子雷管 /
- 延时 /
- 微差爆破
Abstract: The initiation delay time seriously affects the efficiency of tunnel blasting excavation. It is of great significance to study the improvement of rock fragmentation effect and tunneling efficiency under the electronic detonator initiation condition via precise control blasting. The similarity model test of delay time between the cutting holes and the caving holes in tunnel blasting was conducted, and the rock fragmentation characteristics under different delay time were analyzed. The results show that it can be seen from the model test that the electronic detonator has obvious advantages in improving the blasting effect in tunnel blasting for its precise delay ability. In addition, the similarity relationship of the initiation delay time between the model and field tests was summarized. According to the field test, when the best delay time between the cutting holes and the caving holes is 15−25 ms, the utilization rate of the blast-holes is the highest. Guided by the similarity theory, the optimum delay time drawn from the model test is 8–24 ms, showing a good agreement with the field test. This paper is of reference for the selection of delay time between the cutting holes and the caving holes in tunnel blasting.
- tunnel blasting /
- electronic detonator /
- delay time /
- millisecond blasting

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图 1 模型试验中的炮孔布置

Figure 1. Hole layout in model experiment

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图 2 破碎效果

Figure 2. Crushing effect

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图 3 碎岩块度质量百分比统计

Figure 3. Statistic of fragmentation mass fraction

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图 4 爆后爆腔结果

Figure 4. Results of cavity after explosion

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图 5 原爆破设计方案

Figure 5. Original blasting design scheme

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图 6 原方案下的爆破效果

Figure 6. Blasting effect under original scheme

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图 7 现场炮孔分布(a)及装药现场(b)

Figure 7. Field blasthole distribution (a) and charge instructions (b)

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图 8 炮孔利用率

Figure 8. Blasthole utilization

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表 1 模型及现场岩石的相关参数

Table 1. Model and field rock-related parameters

Material	$\,\rho$/(kg·m⁻³)	${\sigma }{_{\mathrm{c} } }$/MPa	${C}{_{\mathrm{p} } }$/(m·s⁻¹)	E/GPa	$ \mu $
Cast material	2080	20.8	2982.1	17.1	0.177
Rocks on site	2840	121	4900	53	0.21

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表 2 模型试验方案^[21]

Table 2. Model test schemes^[21]

Scheme	$ \tau $/ms	a/cm	b/cm	h₁/cm	d₀/cm	d₁/cm
T-1	0	5.0	10.0	13.0	2.0	1.2
T-2	1	5.0	10.0	13.0	2.0	1.2
T-3	3	5.0	10.0	13.0	2.0	1.2
T-4	5	5.0	10.0	13.0	2.0	1.2

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表 3 碎岩统计

Table 3. Rock fragmentation statistics

Scheme	Mass/kg (Mass fraction/%)
Scheme	0–19.0 mm	19.0–26.5 mm	26.5–37.5 mm	37.5–53.0 mm	53.0–63.0 mm	63.0–75.0 mm	>75.0 mm
T-1	1.60(13.66)	0.62(5.83)	1.16(11.24)	1.27(22.90)	0.65(5.41)	0.98(7.83)	3.28(33.14)
T-2	1.64(23.26)	0.70(15.31)	1.35(15.41)	2.75(15.31)	0.65(5.79)	0.94(6.38)	3.98(18.55)
T-3	2.37(19.37)	1.56(11.58)	1.57(15.93)	1.56(17.19)	0.59(4.70)	0.65(8.42)	1.89(22.81)
T-4	2.76(25.77)	1.65(9.57)	2.27(13.58)	2.45(12.65)	0.67(2.62)	1.20(6.56)	3.25(29.24)

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表 4 爆腔参数和炮孔利用率

Table 4. Cavity parameters and blast hole utilization rate

Scheme	Blast cavity volume/cm³	Detonation depth/cm	Blast hole utilization/%
T-1	7960	11.40	87.7
T-2	6760	11.63	89.5
T-3	9450	11.59	89.2
T-4	8595	11.52	88.6

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表 5 原隧道爆破参数

Table 5. Original tunnel blasting parameters

Serial number	Name of hole	$ \tau $/ms	d₂/mm	L₁/m	a₁/cm	W/kg	d₃/mm	N	Q/kg
H₀	Holes in the middle		100	2.2				0	0
H₁	Kibble hole	0	42	2.2	40	1.5	32	4	6.0
H₂	Pilot hole 1	30	42	2.0	80	1.3	32	4	5.2
H₃	Pilot hole 2	80	42	2.0	60	1.2	32	10	12.0
H₄	Pilot hole 3	130	42	2.0	60	1.2	32	6	7.2
H₅	Pilot hole 4	180	42	2.2	70	1.2	32	16	19.2
H₆	Pilot hole 5	230	42	2.2	80	1.2	32	16	19.2
H₇	Profile accuracy hole 1	280	42	2.2	60	0.4	32	28	11.2
H₈	Bottom hole 1	330	42	2.2	90	1.4	32	7	9.8
H₉	Bottom hole 2	380	42	2.2	100	1.5	32	7	10.5

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表 6 原方案爆破效果

Table 6. Blasting effect of original scheme

Hole	l_a/m	B_u/%	Hole	l_a/m	B_u/%
Kibble hole	0.26	88.2	Profile accuracy hole	0.36	83.6
Pilot hole	0.30	85.0	Bottom hole	0.41	81.4

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表 7 优化后起爆网路设计方案

Table 7. Optimized initiation network design scheme

$ \tau / $ms	Delay time/ms
$ \tau / $ms	H₁	H₂	H₃	H₄	H₅	H₆	H₇	H₈	H₉
30	0	30	80	130	180	230	280	330	380
15	0	15	65	115	165	215	265	315	365
25	0	25	75	125	175	225	275	325	375
35	0	35	85	135	185	235	285	335	385
45	0	45	95	145	195	245	295	345	395

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表 8 炮孔利用率

Table 8. Blasthole utilization

$ \tau $/ms	Hole	L₁/m	l_a/m	B_u/%	B_u,ave/%	Cycle footage/m
15	Kibble hole	2.2	0.14	93.6	89.5	1.92
	Pilot hole	2.0	0.17	91.5
	Profile accuracy hole	2.2	0.26	88.2
	Bottom hole	2.2	0.34	84.5
25	Kibble hole	2.2	0.19	91.4	87.2	1.87
	Pilot hole	2.0	0.22	89.0
	Profile accuracy hole	2.2	0.32	85.5
	Bottom hole	2.2	0.38	82.7
30	Kibble hole	2.2	0.26	88.2	84.6	1.82
	Pilot hole	2.0	0.30	85.0
	Profile accuracy hole	2.2	0.36	83.6
	Bottom hole	2.2	0.41	81.4
35	Kibble hole	2.2	0.30	86.4	82.7	1.78
	Pilot hole	2.0	0.34	83.0
	Profile accuracy hole	2.2	0.40	81.8
	Bottom hole	2.2	0.45	79.5
45	Kibble hole	2.2	0.36	83.6	79.5	1.71
	Pilot hole	2.0	0.40	80.0
	Profile accuracy hole	2.2	0.47	78.6
	Bottom hole	2.2	0.53	75.9

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