弹簧质量系统在动量球撞击下的响应特性

莫晓磊; 林玉亮; 李钰钢

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220566

弹簧质量系统在动量球撞击下的响应特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220566

国防科技大学理学院, 湖南长沙　410008

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12072368）

详细信息

作者简介:
莫晓磊（1990－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事材料动态力学性能研究. E-mail：1048961171@qq.com

通讯作者:
林玉亮（1978－），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事爆炸与冲击动力学研究. E-mail：ansen_liang@163.com

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 192
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-13
- 修回日期: 2022-05-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-11

Response Characteristics of Spring-Mass System under Impact of Momentum Ball

College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 冲量是爆炸空气冲击波的重要威力参数，基于动量块的测试方法是获取冲量的途径之一。通过开展弹簧-质量块系统在动量球撞击下的响应特性研究，尝试将动量球的动量转换为弹簧的定量压缩位移。研究过程中，选定一种弹簧-质量块组合，通过开展聚甲醛、聚四氟乙烯、铝、钢4种不同动量球撞击试验，获得了弹簧-质量块压缩响应特性和动量转化效率。结果表明，在所试验的测试范围内，弹簧的最大压缩位移与动量球的加载速度线性相关，聚四氟乙烯动量球与弹簧-质量块系统耦合最稳定，适合作为冲击波冲量测试的转换载体。该系统可以为冲击波测量提供一种新方法。
- 爆炸冲击波 /
- 动量块 /
- 弹簧-质量块系统 /
- 冲击刚度 /
- 颤振波
Abstract: Impulse is an important power parameter of explosive air shock wave, and the momentum-block test method is one of the ways to measure the impulse. This paper attempts to convert the momentum of the momentum-ball into the quantitative compression displacement of the spring by investigating the impact response characteristics of spring-mass system. Four different momentum-balls impact tests, such as polyformaldehyde, polytetrafluoron, aluminum and steel, were conducted to obtain the spring-mass compression response characteristics and momentum/energy conversion efficiency. The results show that the maximum compression displacement of the spring is linearly related to the loading velocity of the momentum-ball. The polyformaldehyde momentum-ball spring coupling system shows the most stable properties, which is suitable for the transfer carrier of shock wave impulse measurement. This work can provide a new method for shock wave measurement.
- explosive shock wave /
- momentum block /
- spring-mass system /
- impact stiffness /
- flutter wave

HTML全文

图 1 动量球碰撞弹簧-质量块系统

Figure 1. Momentum ball colliding with spring-mass system

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图 2 Ptfe球碰撞弹簧-质量块系统全过程和数据处理的标记

Figure 2. Ptfe ball impact spring-mass block system marking the whole process and data processing

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图 3 4种动量球撞击弹簧-质量块系统的位移-时间曲线

Figure 3. Displacement-time curves of momentum balls impacting spring-mass system

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图 4 动量球碰撞速度与弹簧最大压缩位移的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between loading velocity of momentum balls and maximum compression displacement of the spring

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图 5 不同加载速度下4种动量球的动量转化率

Figure 5. Momentum conversion rate of four kinds of momentum balls at different loading velocities

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图 6 Al球的二次撞击

Figure 6. Secondary impact of the aluminum sphere

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图 7 Steel球的二次撞击

Figure 7. Secondary impact of the steel ball

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图 8 Ptfe球撞击弹簧质量块系统

Figure 8. Ptfe ball hits the spring mass system

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图 9 不同Ptfe球加载速度下质量块位移时程曲线

Figure 9. Displacement-time history diagram of mass block under different loading velocities of Ptfe ball

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表 1 动量球参数

Table 1. Parameters of momentum ball

Material	Shape	Diameter/mm	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	Mass/g
Al	Sphere	30.02	2.71	38.27
Pom	Sphere	30.02	1.35	18.98
Steel	Sphere	30.01	7.91	111.71
Ptfe	Sphere	29.98	2.20	30.25

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表 2 弹簧参数

Table 2. Parameters of spring

Material	Wire diameter/mm	Diameter/mm	Height/mm	Turns	Shear modulus/GPa	Mass/g
Spring steel	2.20	30	100	10	80	27.85

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表 3 质量块参数

Table 3. Parameters of mass block

Material	Shape	Diameter/mm	Height/mm	Mass/g
45 steel	Cylinder	30	10	50.50

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表 4 不同工况下的实验结果

Table 4. Experimental results under different working conditions

Material	Mass of ball/g	Mass of block/g	v/(m·s⁻¹)	v₁/(m·s⁻¹)	v₂/(m·s⁻¹)	x/mm
Ptfe	30.25	50.50	3.77	0	2.07	14.30
Ptfe	30.25	50.50	4.36	0	2.13	15.40
Ptfe	30.25	50.50	4.82	0	2.61	16.40
Ptfe	30.25	50.50	5.91	0	2.98	19.60
Ptfe	30.25	50.50	6.64	0	3.33	20.30
Ptfe	30.25	50.50	7.32	0	4.31	24.60
Ptfe	30.28	50.50	10.77	0	6.21	35.45
Ptfe	30.28	50.50	11.92	0	6.61	39.37
Ptfe	30.28	50.50	13.43	0	7.42	44.20
Al	38.26	50.50	4.82	0.25	2.57	15.70
Al	38.26	50.50	7.25	1.47	3.92	22.73
Al	38.35	50.50	7.78	2.04	3.86	23.95
Al	38.35	50.50	8.81	2.72	3.70	28.60
Al	38.32	50.50	9.28	2.40	3.67	28.23
Al	38.32	50.50	9.70	2.62	4.59	29.95
Al	38.32	50.50	10.02	2.93	4.61	32.40
Al	38.32	50.50	11.37	3.35	5.24	34.68
Steel	111.71	50.50	2.67	0.78	3.66	19.80
Steel	111.71	50.50	2.93	0.91	3.88	21.10
Steel	111.71	50.50	3.86	1.26	3.85	25.27
Steel	111.71	50.50	4.86	2.06	6.25	33.30
Steel	111.71	50.50	6.70	2.87	6.55	41.10
Steel	111.71	50.50	7.13	2.74	6.31	44.00
Steel	111.71	50.50	8.42	3.81	9.40	55.30
Steel	111.71	50.50	9.66	4.07	11.10	64.40
Pom	19.07	50.50	4.11	−1.28	2.03	12.37
Pom	19.07	50.50	4.70	−1.74	2.39	13.80
Pom	19.07	50.50	8.36	−3.38	4.41	23.93
Pom	19.07	50.50	9.07	−3.97	4.82	24.20

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表 5 4种动量球动量转化率对比

Table 5. Comparison of momentum conversion rate of four kinds of momentum balls

Material	Momentum conversion range/%	Average/%	Stdev
Steel	40.01−61.97	51.77	0.094
Al	26.72−70.24	34.35	0.057
Ptfe	81.56−98.30	90.05	0.057
Pom	97.88−99.51	98.80	0.008

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表 6 4种不同材料动量球加载下弹簧的压缩率

Table 6. Compressibility of the spring under 4 momentum ball loads

Material	Loading velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Compression ratio/%	Remark
Steel	2−13	19−70	A few more than 60%
Al	3−13	12−37
Ptfe	3−14	14−45
Pom	3−11	11−25

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