A Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Shock Temperature and Sound Velocity in Transparent Minerals

Method/t/nDynamic compression techniques serve as a critical approach to generate ultrahigh pressure and high temperature conditions, with wide applications in high-energy-density physics, geophysics, and defense-related research. Shock temperature is a key parameter for characterizing thermodynamic states and constructing equations of state, whereas sound velocity is highly sensitive to phase transitions and critically constrains elastic properties. Nevertheless, conventional shock experiments typically require separate measurements of sound velocity and temperature, which increases experimental complexity and may introduce state mismatch between different physical quantities. Here, we develop a method for the simultaneous measurement of shock temperature and longitudinal wave velocity in transparent minerals. This method determines shock temperature from thermal radiation emitted at the shock front that transmits through the uncompressed region, while the longitudinal sound velocity (<italic>V</italic>_P) is derived from the temporal evolution of radiation signals during compression and release. Natural single-crystal calcite was selected to validate the method through shock experiments. At a shock pressure of 115.7 GPa, the shock temperature and <italic>V</italic>_P were determined to be 3810 K and 9.41 km/s, respectively. The results indicate that calcite may undergo shock melting under these conditions, validating the feasibility of our method. Our study provides a novel approach for simultaneously measuring thermodynamic and elastic properties of transparent minerals under extreme conditions, providing important constraints for understanding deep-Earth processes and evaluating the dynamic response of transparent window materials under high-energy-density environments.