Abstract: With the increasing demand for deep buried reinforcement target damage and engineering structure protection in the fields of national defense security and high-end equipment development, efficient driving launch technology for high-speed impact testing has become the core key to supporting research in related fields. This article systematically reviews the research progress of high-speed impact testing technology, focusing on the principles, development status, experimental capabilities, and technical bottlenecks of various high-speed driving technologies such as light gas guns, chemical energy launch, and electromagnetic energy energy gathering launch. It discusses in detail the application prospects and existing problems of various launch technologies in the fields of deep buried reinforcement target damage assessment, space debris protection, and material dynamic behavior research. On this basis, the emerging liquid gas phase change emission technology was highlighted, and the speed potential, energy sources, and technical characteristics of different emission technologies were compared. The four-dimensional contradiction of speed quality repeatability environmental protection faced in current development was pointed out. Future research should focus on multi-source energy collaborative driving, artificial intelligence closed-loop optimization control, application of new working fluids and structural materials, and construction of high fidelity experimental numerical coupling verification system to promote the development of ultra high speed launch technology towards higher speed, higher repeatability, and wider application range.