Abstract: To obtain dynamic performance of materials at cryogenic temperature for development of polar science and engineering technology, a low-temperature Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system is developed. Compared to traditional low-temperature SHPB system, this system places pressure bars and samples in the cryogenic environment, effectively mitigating temperature variance in the sample and local temperature gradient in the pressure bar due to heat conduction. This design reduces the complexity of data processing. Additionally, the vaporization of liquid nitrogen expels air from the low-temperature chamber, keeping the pressure bars and samples dry and preventing common freezing issues encountered in low-temperature SHPB experiments. As a result, this significantly enhances the accuracy and consistency of the experimental results. Moreover, compared to auto-assembling low-temperature SHPB devices, the new system is simpler and more convenient. The relevant parameters of the pressure bar and strain gauge under cryogenic conditions were calibrated. Finite element simulation indicate that the temperature gradient along the bars introduces a measurement deviation of up to 10% in stress in traditional SHPB system; in contrast, the specialized cryogenic SHPB system effectively reduces measurement errors and substantially enhances measurement accuracy. The dynamic performance of 2024Al alloy under cryogenic conditions was tested to validate the operational reliability of the developed SHPB system. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with traditional SHPB devices, the novel system exhibits significantly higher repeatability and reliability in cryogenic experiments.