Numerical Simulation on Anti-Penetration Performance of SiC/Ti-Alloy Interpenetrating TPMS Structures
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摘要: 陶瓷/金属复合材料作为一种具有轻量化、高比强度、高吸能效率特性的抗冲击结构，被广泛应用于军事及航空航天领域。随着3D打印技术的发展，制造三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surface，TPMS）的复杂点阵结构成为可能。设计了一种碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷与钛合金（TC4）复合的穿插式TPMS防弹结构，针对单弹侵彻与双弹侵彻工况，利用ABAQUS开展了数值模拟研究，对比了该结构与纯SiC的损伤破坏模式、侵彻深度和弹道极限速度。数值模拟结果表明：不同穿插式TPMS结构呈现出不同的损伤破坏模式，三维拓扑结构限制了裂纹在陶瓷内部的扩散，使靶板整体损伤弱于纯SiC靶；第2发弹丸侵彻造成的损伤沿首发弹丸侵彻区域继续发展，侵彻深度增加；相较于纯SiC靶板，3种穿插式TPMS靶板的侵彻深度更浅，弹道极限速度更高；当来袭子弹能够击穿靶板时，P型结构对低速弹的抗弹性能更优，D型结构对高速弹的抗弹性能更优。研究结果表明，等面密度下穿插式TPMS靶板相较于纯SiC具有更优的抗弹性能。研究结果可为新型轻质陶瓷装甲设计提供技术支撑和理论依据。Abstract: Ceramic/metal composite materials were widely used in national defense, military industry, and aerospace fields as lightweight impact-resistant structures with high specific strength and high energy absorption efficiency. With the development of 3D printing technology, it has become possible to fabricate complex lattice structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). In this paper, an interpenetrating TPMS ballistic composite structure composed of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic and titanium alloy (TC4) is designed. A series of numerical simulations are carried out under single-projectile and double-projectile penetration conditions using ABAQUS software. The damage modes, penetration depth, and ballistic limit velocity of the proposed structure and pure SiC target plate are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that different interpenetrating TPMS structures exhibit distinct damage and failure modes. The three-dimensional topological configuration restrains crack propagation inside the ceramic, resulting in slighter overall damage than the pure SiC target plate. The damage caused by the second projectile further propagates along the penetration region of the first projectile, and accompanied by an increase in penetration depth. Compared with the pure SiC target plate, the three interpenetrating TPMS targets present smaller penetration depth and higher ballistic limit velocity. When the projectile can perforate the target plate, the primitive (P-type) structure shows better ballistic performance against low-velocity projectiles, while the diamond (D-type) structure is superior against high-velocity projectiles. It is demonstrated that the interpenetrating TPMS targets possess better ballistic performance than pure SiC at the same area density. The technical support and theoretical basis can be provided for the design of novel lightweight ceramic armor in this study.
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图 1 3种穿插式TPMS结构的1/4模型构建示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of 1/4 model construction for three interpenetrating TPMS structures
图 5 纯SiC在单弹侵彻/双弹侵彻工况下的应力云图
Figure 5. Stress contours of the pure SiC under single-projectile and double-projectile penetration conditions
图 6 D型TPMS穿插靶在单弹侵彻/双弹侵彻工况下的应力云图
Figure 6. Stress contours of D-shaped TPMS interpenetrating target under single-projectile and double-projectile penetration conditions
图 7 N型TPMS穿插靶在单弹侵彻/双弹侵彻工况下的应力云图
Figure 7. Stress contours of N-shaped TPMS interpenetrating target under single-projectile and two-projectile penetration conditions
图 8 P型TPMS穿插靶在单弹侵彻/双弹侵彻工况下的应力云图
Figure 8. Stress contours of P-shaped TPMS interpenetrating target under single-projectile and double-projectile penetration conditions
图 9 单弹以350 m/s速度侵彻不同结构的侵深对比
Figure 9. Comparison of penetration depth for different structures under single projectile at 350 m/s
图 10 双弹以350 m/s速度侵彻不同结构的侵深对比
Figure 10. Comparison of penetration depth for different structures under double projectiles at 350 m/s
图 11 4种靶板的弹道极限速度拟合曲线
Figure 11. Fitting curves of the ballistic limit velocity for four target plates
ρ/(kg·m−3) G/GPa A B C M N σHEL/GPa d1 d2 K1/GPa K2/GPa K3/GPa 3 215 193 0.96 0.35 0.009 1 0.65 11.7 0.48 0.48 220 361 0 
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表 2 T12A钢与TC4合金的Johnson-Cook模型参数
Table 2. Johnson-Cook model parameters for T12A steel and TC4 alloy
Material ρ/(kg·m−3) E/GPa A0/MPa B0/MPa N0 M0 T12A 7 850 210 1 540 477 0.16 1.0 TC4 4400 110 1 030 952 0.40 0.8 Material D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 $\dot{\varepsilon}_0/{\rm{s}}^{-1}$ T12A 1.4 0 0 0 0 1.0 TC4 −0.2 0.25 0.2 0.014 3.87 1.0
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表 3 3种穿插式TPMS结构的拟合参数
Table 3. Fitting parameters of three interpenetrating TPMS structures
Target type a P v50/(m·s–1) D 0.75 1.69 445.69 N 0.72 1.80 443.69 P 0.82 1.83 448.31
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