Effect of Interlayer Materials on the Interfacial Microstructure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 7B53 Aluminum Alloy Composite Plates
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摘要: 铝合金中间层材料对于7B53铝合金复合板（7A52铝合金/中间层/7A63铝合金）的界面结合性能和动态冲击力学性能的影响显著。采用拉伸剪切实验、夏比冲击实验、分离式霍普金森压杆实验和扫描电子显微镜，系统研究了不同铝合金中间层材料（7A01、6061、2024铝合金）对复合板界面结合质量及高应变率（
1700 ～3200 s−1）下动态力学行为的影响机制。结果表明，6061中间层复合板表现出最优的界面结合性能，最大剪切强度达109.6 MPa，较7A01中间层复合板（73.1 MPa）提升了36.5 MPa，这是由于6061铝合金促进了界面区域细小均匀晶粒的形成，从而有效强化界面区域。霍普金森压杆实验表明，中间层的不均匀变形可有效阻断裂纹向7A52层的贯穿扩展，并促使裂纹沿界面偏转。7A01中间层复合板的应变率敏感性较低，而6061中间层复合板在1700 ～2700 s−1范围内虽因热软化效应而流变应力下降，但其优异的延展性确保了高速冲击下的稳定变形。与2024中间层复合板相比，6061中间层复合板在保持较高屈服强度的同时，具有更高的塑性应变。6061中间层复合板成功实现了7A52高韧性与7A63高强度的有效融合，为装甲车辆抗冲击防护结构设计提供了重要的理论依据。-
关键词:
- 7B53铝合金复合板 /
- 中间层 /
- 动态冲击力学性能 /
- 界面结合性能 /
- 屈服强度
Abstract: The choice of aluminum alloys used as the interlayers significantly influences the interfacial bonding properties and dynamic impact mechanical properties of 7B53 aluminum alloy composite plates (7A52/interlayer/7A63). In this study, the influence mechanism of different aluminum alloy interlayer materials (7A01, 6061, 2024 aluminum alloy) on the interfacial metallurgical bonding quality and the dynamic mechanical behavior at high strain rates (1700 −3200 s−1) was systematically investigated using tensile-shear tests, Charpy impact tests, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the composite plate with the 6061 interlayer exhibits the optimal interfacial bonding performance, achieving a maximum shear strength of 109.6 MPa, which is 36.5 MPa higher than that of the plate with the 7A01 interlayer (73.1 MPa). This improvement is attributed to the fact that the 6061 alloy promotes the formation of fine and uniform grains at the interface, thereby effectively strengthening the interfacial region. SHPB tests reveal that the inhomogeneous deformation of the interlayer interrupts the penetration of cracks into the 7A52 layer and promotes crack deflection along the interface. The composite plate with the 7A01 interlayer shows low strain rate sensitivity. The plate with the 6061 interlayer, while decreases in flow stress due to thermal softening within the strain rate range of1700 –2700 s−1, maintains stable deformation under high-velocity impact owing to its excellent ductility. Compared to the composite plate with the 2024 interlayer, the plate with the 6061 interlayer achieves higher plastic strain while retaining relatively high yield strength. The 6061 interlayer composite plate successfully achieves an effective integration of the high toughness of 7A52 and the high strength of 7A63, providing an important theoretical basis for the design of impact-resistant protective structures for armored vehicles. -
图 1 铝合金复合板轧制复合示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of roll bonding of aluminum alloy composite plates
图 3 不同中间层的7B53铝合金复合板界面背散射电子图像
Figure 3. Backscattered electron (BSE) images of the interface of 7B53 aluminum alloy composite plates with different interlayers
图 4 不同中间层的7B53铝合金复合板界面处的IPF、GOS图及晶粒尺寸分布
Figure 4. IPF, GOS maps and grain size distribution at the interface of 7B53 aluminum alloy composite plates with different interlayers
图 5 不同中间层的7B53复合板的拉伸剪切强度
Figure 5. Tensile-shear strength of 7B53 composite plates with different interlayers
图 6 不同中间层的7B53复合板拉伸剪切7A63面断口形貌
Figure 6. Fracture morphologies of 7A63 surface in tensile shear test of 7B53 composite plates with different interlayers
图 7 不同中间层的7B53铝合金复合板的冲击性能
Figure 7. Impact performance of 7B53 aluminum alloy composite plates with different interlayers
图 8 7B53铝合金复合板侧面冲击断口的SEM形貌：(a)～(d) 裂纹走向，(e)～(h) 7A63，(i)～(l) 7A63裂纹扩展（红色箭头为主裂纹扩展方向，蓝色实线为界面分层，黄色虚线为微裂纹）
Figure 8. SEM micrographs of lateral impact fracture surfaces of 7B53 aluminum alloy composite plates: (a)−(d) crack propagation direction; (e)−(h) 7A63; (i)−(l) crack propagation on the 7A63 surface (Red arrows indicate the main crack propagation direction, blue solid lines denote interfacial delamination, and yellow dashed lines represent microcracks)
图 9 不同中间层的7B53复合板在各应变率下的真实应力-应变关系曲线
Figure 9. True stress-strain curves of 7B53 composite plates with different interlayers at various strain rates
图 10 不同应变率下不同中间层7B53复合板的真实应力-应变关系曲线
Figure 10. True stress-strain curves of 7B53 composite plates with various interlayers at different strain rates
图 11 7A01中间层复合板经不同载荷高速冲击后的宏观特征
Figure 11. Macro-features of 7A01 interlayer composite plates after high-velocity impact under different loads
图 12 不同中间层的7B53铝合金复合板的微观组织：(a)～(c) 复合板角部，(d)～(f) 中间层界面
Figure 12. Microstructures of 7B53 aluminum alloy composite plates with different interlayers: (a)−(c) corner of composite plate; (d)−(f) interlayer interface
表 1 铝合金的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical compositions of aluminum alloy (mass fraction)
% Alloys Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al 7A52 0.25 0.30 0.05−0.20 0.20−0.50 2.0−2.8 0.15−0.25 4.0−4.8 0.05−0.18 Bal. 7A63 0.12 0.15 0.30−0.60 0.20−0.60 2.7−3.1 0.10−0.16 7.4−8.1 0.03−0.06 Bal. 7A01 0.30 0.30 0.01 0.025 0.03 0.03 0.9−1.3 0.03 Bal. 6061 0.61 0.25 0.31 0.11 1.07 0.21 0.17 0.03 Bal. 2024 0.50 0.50 3.98 0.61 1.72 0.01 0.30 0.15 Bal. 
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