高速撞击下不同背板碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板的陶瓷锥形成机制

王新德; 李明树; 王仁杰; 王永刚; 蒋招绣

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20261037

高速撞击下不同背板碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板的陶瓷锥形成机制

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20261037

王新德^{1, 2,},
李明树^{1, 2},
王仁杰^{1, 2},
王永刚^{1, 2},
蒋招绣^{1, 2,*, ,}

1.
宁波大学力学与工程科学学院, 浙江宁波　315211
2.
宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室, 浙江宁波　315211

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12102213，U2530210）

详细信息

作者简介:
王新德（2005－），男，本科，主要从事爆炸与冲击动力学研究. E-mail：wangxinhao1999@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
蒋招绣（1986－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事爆炸与冲击动力学研究. E-mail：jiangzhaoxiu@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385; O521.9
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- 文章访问数: 255
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-05
- 修回日期: 2026-05-14
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-19

Formation Mechanism of Ceramic Cones in Boron Carbide Ceramic Composite Targets with Different Backplates under High-Velocity Impact

WANG Xinde^{1, 2
,},
LI Mingshu^{1, 2},
WANG Renjie^{1, 2},
WANG Yonggang^{1, 2},
JIANG Zhaoxiu^{1, 2,*
, ,}

1.
School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2.
MOE Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 陶瓷锥是轻型陶瓷复合装甲实现抗弹侵彻能量耗散的关键物理机制。为此，针对碳化硼陶瓷复合装甲，选取6061铝合金、7075铝合金、T300碳纤维板及超高分子量聚乙烯板（ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE）4种典型背板材料，采用一级轻气炮弹道冲击实验与LS-DYNA数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了背板屈服强度、刚度及波阻抗对陶瓷锥形态及演化的影响规律。结果表明：陶瓷锥对背板的载荷传递并非仅依赖单一外锥，而是通过外锥与内锥等多条裂纹的共同作用实现；背板的屈服强度对主要锥形的裂纹扩展无明显影响；在刚度方面，外锥角随弹性模量的增加而线性减小，内锥角则呈指数增大；波阻抗通过调控应力波反射/透射改变陶瓷内部应力场变化，致使内锥角随着波阻抗的增加呈线性增大，外锥角则随之呈指数减小。
- 陶瓷锥 /
- 碳化硼 /
- 陶瓷复合装甲 /
- 高速撞击 /
- 侵彻
Abstract: To investigate the influence of backplate mechanical properties on the formation mechanism of ceramic cones in boron carbide ceramic composite armor, four typical backplate materials, including 6061 aluminum alloy, 7075 aluminum alloy, T300 carbon fiber board, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were selected. A combination of ballistic impact experiments conducted via a one-stage light gas gun and numerical simulations performed with LS-DYNA was adopted to systematically study the effects of backplate yield strength, stiffness, and wave impedance on the morphology and evolution of ceramic cones. The results indicate that: the load transfer from the ceramic cone to the backplate is not solely dependent on a single outer cone but is achieved through the synergistic action of multiple cracks, including the outer and inner cones; the yield strength of the backplate has no significant effect on the crack propagation of the main cone; regarding stiffness, the outer cone angle decreases linearly with increasing elastic modulus, while the inner cone angle increases exponentially; wave impedance alters the internal stress field of the ceramic by modulating stress wave reflection/transmission, resulting in a linear increase in the inner cone angle and an exponential decrease in the outer cone angle with increasing impedance.
- ceramic cone /
- boron carbide /
- ceramic composite armor /
- high-velocity impact /
- penetration

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图 1 陶瓷复合装甲结构

Figure 1. Components of ceramic composite armor

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图 2 弹靶侵彻实验装置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the projectile-target penetration experimental setup

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图 3 回收靶板与剩余弹体的照片

Figure 3. Photographs of the recovered target plate and residual projectile

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图 4 不同背板条件下碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板的三维锥体重构断裂面

Figure 4. Fracture surfaces of 3D reconstructed cones of boron carbide ceramic composite target plates under different backplate conditions

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图 5 弹道冲击模拟的数值模型示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the ballistic impact simulation model

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图 6 模拟与实验结果的对比

Figure 6. Comparison of simulated and experimental results

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图 7 6061铝合金/碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板的冲击响应

Figure 7. Impact response of a boron carbide ceramic composite target with a 6061 aluminum alloy backplate

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图 8 不同时刻不同背板碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板的陶瓷破坏行为

Figure 8. Failure behavior of ceramics in boron carbide ceramic composite plates with different backplates at different time

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图 9 背板的能量吸收率与屈服强度的相关性

Figure 9. Correlation between energy absorption rate of backplate and yield strength

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图 10 陶瓷锥角与弹性模量的相关性

Figure 10. Correlation between ceramic cone angle and elastic modulus

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图 11 陶瓷锥角与波阻抗的相关性

Figure 11. Correlation between ceramic cone angle and wave impedance

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表 1 不同背板陶瓷靶体的失效特征

Table 1. Failure characteristics of ceramic targets with different backplates

Target materials	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	$ {\beta }_{1} $/(°)	$\varDelta $/(°)	V_c/mm³	d/mm
B₄C/6061Al	245.1	76.7	1.3	55942.11	95.10
B₄C/7075Al	249.6	83.8	2.1	41108.19	86.88
B₄C/CF-T300	247.8	73.8	2.4	37152.59	74.50
B₄C/UHMWPE	252.3	85.1	1.9	21263.85	64.46

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表 2 弹体材料的模型参数^[19]

Table 2. Material model parameters of the projectile^[19]

Material	$ \rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	ν	A₁/MPa	B₁/MPa	n₁	C₁	C₂
CDX2 steel	7.850	252.3	0.295	3544	5606	0.85	0.012	0.086

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表 3 金属背板材料的模型参数^[20–21]

Table 3. Material model parameters of the metal backplate^[20–21]

Materials	$ \rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	G/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	C	m	n	T_m/K
6061Al	2.704	26.69	256	113.8	0.002	1.350	0.420	877.6
7075Al	2.810	27.00	568	327.0	0.014	1.015	0.378	893.0

Materials	T_r/K	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	c/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁
6061Al	293	−0.770	1.450	−0.47	0	1.6	5240	1.40
7075Al	293	0.059	0.246	0	0	0	5190	1.33

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表 4 T300碳纤维板的材料模型参数^[23]

Table 4. Material model parameters of T300 carbon fiber board^[23]

E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	G₁₂/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	ν₁₂	ν₁₃	ν₂₃
140	9.0	9.0	4.6	4.6	3.082	0.32	0.28	0.21

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	X_T/MPa	X_C/MPa	Y_T/MPa	Y_C/MPa	S_xy/MPa	S_xz/MPa	S_yz/MPa
1750	1760	1100	51	130	70	60	60

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表 5 UHMWPE纤维板的材料模型参数^[25]

Table 5. Material model parameters of UHMWPE fiber board^[25]

E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	G₁₂/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	$ {\nu }_{12} $	$ {\nu }_{13} $	$ {\nu }_{23} $
40.6	40.6	2.6	174	548	548	0.008	0.044	0.044

S_N/MPa	S_C/MPa	X_T/MPa	Y_T/GPa	Y_C/GPa	S₂₃/MPa	S₁₃/MPa	$ \rho \text{/(kg∙}{\text{m}}^{-3}) $
900	0.5	3.6	3.6	3.0	900	900	1006

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表 6 碳化硼材料模型参数^[26]

Table 6. Model parameters of boron carbide material^[26]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	A_i	B_i	C_i	M	N	$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}/{\rm s}^{-1} $	$ {t}_{\max }\text{/GPa} $
2510	462	0.927	0.7	0.005	0.85	0.67	1	0.26

$ {\sigma }_{\text{HEL}} $/GPa	$ {p}_{\text{HEL}} $/GPa	$ \beta $	$ {K}_{1} $	$ {K}_{2} $	$ {K}_{3} $	$ {D}_{\text{p1}} $	$ {D}_{\text{p2}} $	F_s
15.44	8.71	1	233	−593	2800	0.001	0.5	0.8

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表 7 实验与模拟结果的对比

Table 7. Comparison of experimental and simulated results

Blackplate materials	L_r			β₁			d
Blackplate materials	Exp./mm	Sim./mm	Error/%	Exp./(°)	Sim./(°)	Error/%	Exp./mm	Sim./mm	Error/%
6061Al	34.3	36.8	7.3	76.7	80.1	4.4	95.1	81.6	14.1
7075Al	31.6	33.2	5.1	83.8	76.1	9.2	86.9	77.2	11.1
CF-T300	32.7	34.8	6.4	73.8	68.5	7.2	74.5	70.2	5.8
UHMWPE	38.4	41.2	7.3	85.1	84.5	0.7	68.5	59.1	13.7

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