压装工艺对PBX微细观结构和力学性能的影响

陈良柱; 华浚亦; 蔡洋

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251273

压装工艺对PBX微细观结构和力学性能的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251273

顶峰多尺度科学研究所, 四川成都　610031

基金项目: 挑战专题（TZ2025001）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈良柱（2000－），男，博士研究生，主要从事材料动态力学实验研究. E-mail：lzchen@pims.ac.cn

通讯作者:
蔡　洋（1990－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事极端环境物质科学和动态X射线诊断方法研究.E-mail：caiy@pims.ac.cn

中图分类号: O521.2; O347.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-02
- 修回日期: 2026-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-09

Influence of Pressing Technique Parameters on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Bonded Energetic Materials

The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 粉末压制技术是制备高聚物黏结炸药（polymer bonded explosives，PBX）的常用手段，其工艺参数对成型PBX材料的微观结构和力学性能具有重要影响。系统地探讨了制备工艺参数对成型药柱微细观结构及其压缩力学性能的影响。首先，采用不同的压制参数，包括压制速率、孔隙率、温度和颗粒级配，制备了6种圆柱形PBX样品，通过扫描电子显微镜和计算机断层扫描获取了样品的初始微细观结构信息。然后，在宽应变率范围内（0.0003～7000 s⁻¹）对PBX样品开展了一维应力压缩实验，获取其应力-应变响应，并基于ZWT本构模型构建了PBX样品的率相关非线性本构模型。最后，对准静态压缩后的回收样品进行扫描电镜表征，观察和分析其变形和损伤机制（晶内/晶间断裂和界面脱黏）。研究结果系统地揭示了PBX材料的“压制工艺参数-微观结构特征-宏观力学性能”三者之间的映射关系与规律，为PBX材料的构效关系研究提供了丰富的结构特征和力学响应数据，构建了非线性力学本构模型，对PBX材料的生产工艺优化和力学性能评估具有指导意义。
- 高聚物黏结炸药 /
- 压缩力学性能 /
- 制备工艺参数 /
- 计算机断层扫描 /
- 变形/损伤机制 /
- ZWT本构模型
Abstract: Powder compaction is the most widely used technology to fabricate polymer bonded explosives (PBX), and its parameters significantly influence the structures and mechanical properties of the final products. By conducting characterizations and experiments, this work performs a systematical study on the effects of compaction parameters. Cylindrical PBX samples are prepared with distinct fabrication parameters, including pressing rate, porosity factor, temperature and granular composition. Their initial micro-structures are obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computer tomography (CT). The samples are tested with uniaxial compression experiments under strain rates varying from 0.0003 s⁻¹ to 7000 s⁻¹ to obtain the stress-strain responses. A rate-dependent nonlinear constitutive response model is established based on ZWT constitutive model, describing the mechanical response of the PBX samples. The recycled samples subjected to quasi-static compression are examined via SEM, and the deformation/damage mechanisms are revealed (intra-granular/inter-granular fractures and interfacial debonding). This work reveals the relations between the preparation parameters, material micro-structures and compressive properties. It provides abundant data of micro-structural characteristics and mechanical properties and proposes an efficient non-linear constitutive model for the PBX. The investigation is valuable for fabrication optimization and mechanical performance assessment of PBX.
- polymer bonded explosives /
- compressive mechanical properties /
- preparation parameters /
- computed tomography /
- deformation/damage mechanisms /
- ZWT constitutive model

HTML全文

图 1 PBX药柱样品的制备工艺流程示意图

Figure 1. Process schematic diagram for preparing PBX samples

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图 2 HMX晶粒的体积分布

Figure 2. Volume distribution for the HMX particles

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图 3 CT表征和三维重构的工作流程

Figure 3. Procedure of the CT characterization and reconstruction

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图 4 用于压装的HMX晶体及PBX造型粉的微观形貌

Figure 4. Micro-morphological characterizations of the HMX crystals and the PBX molding powders for pressing process

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图 5 不同工艺参数压制后PBX样品中HMX晶体的微观形貌

Figure 5. Crystal morphology of the PBX pressed with different process parameters

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图 6 图像分割方法

Figure 6. Image segmentation method

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图 7 分割误差分布直方图

Figure 7. Histogram of segmentation errors

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图 8 不同工艺参数压制成型的PBX样品的微细观结构3D重构结果

Figure 8. 3D microstructure reconstructions of the PBX samples formed by different pressing parameters

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图 9 初始PBX样品中HMX晶粒的体积分布

Figure 9. Volume distribution for the HMX particles in the initial PBX samples

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图 10 初始PBX样品中HMX晶粒的球形度分布

Figure 10. Sphericity distribution for the HMX particles in the initial PBX samples

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图 11 不同应变率加载下的力学响应

Figure 11. Mechanical responses under different strain rates

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图 12 应变率对PBX样品压缩力学性能的影响

Figure 12. Effects of strain rate on compressive mechanical properties of the PBX specimens

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图 13 PBX材料的非线性弹性本构模型示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the non-linear elastic constitutive model of the PBX materials

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图 14 不同应变率加载下PBX样品的力学响应（实线代表实验结果，虚线代表拟合结果）

Figure 14. Mechanical responses of the PBX samples under different strain rates (solid line: experiment; dashed line: fitting.)

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图 15 准静态压缩加载（应变率为0.0003 s⁻¹，工程压缩应变为40%）后6种PBX样品截面的SEM成像

Figure 15. SEM images on cross-sections of the six PBX samples subjected to a loading with strain rate of 0.0003 s⁻¹

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表 1 PBX样品制备过程中所用化学试剂的相关信息

Table 1. Detailed information of the chemical reagents used for fabricating PBX samples

Reagent	Chemical formula	Purity grade	Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Source
HMX	C₄H₈N₈O₈	Technically reagent	1.91	Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd.
DMSO	C₂H₆OS	Analytically reagent	1.10	Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd.
EA	C₄H₈O₂	Analytically reagent	0.90	Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd.
PE	C_nH_2n+2 (n≥5)	Analytically reagent	0.77	Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd.
BR	(C₄H₆)_n	Technically reagent	0.91	Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

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表 2 6种PBX药柱样品的编号及对应的制备工艺和微观结构特征

Table 2. Codes, corresponding parameters and microstructural characteristics of the six PBX samples

Sample	Compaction rate/(mm·s⁻¹)	Porosity/%	Temperature/℃	Granular composition	d_av/μm
X0000	4	1.5	25	Unimodal	25.57
X1000	40	1.5	25	Unimodal	50.59
X0100	4	10	25	Unimodal	17.16
X0010	4	1.5	60	Unimodal	51.22
X0001	4	1.5	25	Bimodal	7.76
X0011	4	1.5	60	Bimodal	14.79

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表 3 6类PBX药柱样品的本构模型拟合参数

Table 3. Fitted parameters of the constitutive model for the six PBX samples

Sample	m	n	u	v	k₁	k₂	w
X0000	−1.76	−1.15	6.62	0.90	1.28	24.63	0.30
X1000	−1.67	−1.09	14.32	0.91	0.77	21.07	0.24
X0100	−0.84	−0.58	0.91	1.54	0.98	29.95	0.61
X0010	−0.61	0.54	2.49	1.68	0.77	31.74	0.29
X0001	−2.80	−1.80	19.80	0.76	0.79	19.40	0.22
X0011	−3.09	−1.49	15.13	0.51	0.80	18.98	0.32

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