Experimental Study on the Impact Dynamics Behavior of Ultrathin Carbon Fiber Composites
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摘要: 碳纤维增强聚合物（carbon fiber reinforced polymer，CFRP）作为一种先进复合材料，在工程领域应用广泛。然而，针对超薄CFRP层压复合材料动态力学行为的研究较为有限。采用单向超薄预浸料和热压成型工艺，制备了单层厚度仅为0.1 mm的超薄CFRP层压复合材料，探究了5种铺层角度（0°、90°、0°/90°、45°、±45°）下试件的应变率效应。准静态压缩实验结果表明：45°铺层增强了塑性行为，但削弱了材料强度与模量；而90°铺层有助于提高模量与强度，并减少塑性变形。动态冲击结果表明：90°铺层能够提升动态模量与动态强度，并降低动态屈服应变；45°铺层虽降低了动态屈服强度，但显著增强了动态模量与动态屈服应变对应变率的敏感性。相较于0°/90°铺层的传统CFRP层压复合材料（层厚为0.295 mm，动态强度和动态模量分别为900 MPa和10.12 GPa），所制备的超薄CFRP复合材料在单位厚度内的纤维含量提升了66%，动态强度和动态模量分别提高了123%和926%。基于实验数据，进一步建立了超薄CFRP复合材料的本构模型，并给出了相应的本构参数，为预测材料在不同铺层方式和应变率下的力学行为提供了依据。Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), as an advanced composite material, are widely used in engineering applications. However, research on the dynamic mechanical behavior of ultrathin CFRP laminates remains relatively limited. In this study, unidirectional ultrathin prepreg and hot-pressing molding processes were employed to fabricate ultrathin CFRP laminates with a single ply thickness of only 0.1 mm. The strain rate effects on specimens with five different ply orientations—0°, 90°, 0°/90°, 45°, and ±45°—were systematically investigated. Quasi-static compression experiments indicated that the 45° ply orientation enhanced plastic behavior but reduced material strength and modulus, whereas the 90° ply orientation contributed to increased modulus and strength while reducing plastic deformation. Dynamic impact tests revealed that the 90° ply orientation improved both dynamic modulus and strength while decreasing yield strain. Although the 45° ply orientation reduced dynamic yield strength, it significantly increased the sensitivity of dynamic modulus and yield strain to strain rate. Compared with conventional CFRP laminates with a 0°/90° ply layup (ply thickness is 0.295 mm, and dynamic strength and modulus are 900 MPa and 10.12 GPa, respectively), the ultrathin CFRP composites developed in this study exhibited a 66% increase in fiber content per unit thickness; under the 0°/90° ply configuration, dynamic strength and modulus were enhanced by 123% and 926%, respectively. Based on the experimental data, a constitutive model for the ultrathin CFRP composites was established, and corresponding constitutive parameters were provided, offering a basis for predicting the mechanical behavior of CFRPs under different ply orientations and strain rates.
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图 3 超薄CFRP复合材料的准静态实验结果
Figure 3. Quasi-static experimental results of ultrathin CFRP composites
图 4 不同应变率下0°铺层CFRP复合材料的动态冲击应力-应变关系及失效情况（0.001 s−1为准静态实验数据）
Figure 4. Dynamic stress-strain relationships and failure modes of CFRP composites with 0° ply law under different strain rates (0.001 s−1 is regarded as quasi-static experimental data.)
图 5 不同应变率下90°铺层CFRP复合材料的动态冲击应力-应变关系及失效情况（0.001 s−1为准静态实验数据）
Figure 5. Dynamic stress-strain relationships and failure modes of CFRP composites with 90° ply law under different strain rates (0.001 s−1 is regarded as quasi-static experimental data.)
图 6 不同应变率下0°/90°铺层CFRP复合材料的动态冲击应力-应变关系及失效情况（0.001 s−1为准静态实验数据）
Figure 6. Dynamic stress-strain relationships and failure modes of CFRP composites with 0°/90° ply law under different strain rates (0.001 s−1 is regarded as quasi-static experimental data.)
图 7 不同应变率下45°铺层CFRP复合材料的动态冲击应力-应变关系及失效情况（0.001 s−1为准静态实验数据）
Figure 7. Dynamic stress-strain relationships and failure modes of CFRP composites with 45° ply law under different strain rates (0.001 s−1 is regarded as quasi-static experimental data.)
图 8 不同应变率下±45°铺层CFRP复合材料的动态冲击应力-应变关系及失效情况（0.001 s−1为准静态实验数据）
Figure 8. Dynamic stress-strain relationships and failure modes of CFRP composites with ±45° ply law under different strain rates (0.001 s−1 is regarded as quasi-static experimental data.)
表 1 单向单层CFRP复合材料的基本力学参数
Table 1. Basic mechanical parameters of unidirectional single-layer CFRP composites
Direction Tensile
strength/MPaTensile
modulus/GPaPoisson’s
ratioCompressive
strength/MPaCompressive
modulus/GPaShear
strength/MPa0° 2 397.0 122.1 0.31 936.8 109.9 60 90° 67.8 9.0 0.02 165.0 9.3 40 
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表 2 力学参数
Table 2. Mechanical parameters
Items Young’s modulus/GPa Tangent modulus/GPa Strength/MPa Failure strain 0° 3.94 1.99 263.9 0.10 90° 8.55 446.4 0.08 0°/90° 8.93 620.1 0.08 45° 2.69 1.01 269.5 0.20 ±45° 3.68 1.17 371.8 0.24
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表 3 不同铺层角度下超薄CFRP复合材料的本构参数
Table 3. Constitutive parameters of ultrathin CFRP composites with different ply laws
$\mathit{\Phi }_{\text{d}}^{i} $ $ \mathit{\Phi }_{\text{s}}^{i} $/GPa $ \kappa $ $ {m}_{\mathit{\Phi }} $ $ {n}_{\mathit{\Phi }} $ $\mathit{\Phi }_{\text{d}}^{i} $ $ \mathit{\Phi }_{\text{s}}^{i} $/GPa $ \kappa $ $ {m}_{\mathit{\Phi }} $ $ {n}_{\mathit{\Phi }} $ $ E_{\text{d}}^{0\text{°}} $ 3.94 1 0.460 1.337 $ \sigma _{\text{d}}^{45\text{°}} $ 0.270 1 0.271 1.280 $ E_{\text{d}}^{90\text{°}} $ 8.55 1 1.682×10−4 5.491 $ \sigma _{\text{d}}^{\pm 45\text{°}} $ 0.372 1 0.074 1.664 $ E_{\text{d}}^{0\text{°}/90\text{°}} $ 8.93 1 11.074 0.029 $ \varepsilon _{\text{d}}^{0\text{°}} $ 0.10 −1 9.602 −0.929 $ E_{\text{d}}^{45\text{°}} $ 2.69 1 2.904×10−21 26.594 $ \varepsilon_{\text{d}}^{90\text{°}} $ 0.08 −1 3.742 −0.428 $ E_{\text{d}}^{\pm 45\text{°}} $ 3.68 1 9.392×10−11 13.604 $ \varepsilon _{\text{d}}^{0\text{°}/90\text{°}} $ 0.08 −1 0.274 0.952 $ \sigma _{\text{d}}^{0\text{°}} $ 0.264 1 0.081 2.121 $ \varepsilon _{\text{d}}^{45\text{°}} $ 0.20 −1 3.355 −0.489 $ \sigma _{\text{d}}^{90\text{°}} $ 0.446 1 0.001 4.505 $ \varepsilon _{\text{d}}^{\pm 45\text{°}} $ 0.24 −1 97.129 −2.357 $ \sigma _{\text{d}}^{0\text{°}/90\text{°}} $ 0.620 1 0.112 1.816
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