Numerical Simulation of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Shaped Charge Jet and Its Penetration into a Target Plate
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摘要: 现代装甲防护技术的持续发展对聚能战斗部的毁伤威力提出了更严峻的挑战。传统药型罩材料因其综合性能局限，已成为提升侵彻深度的主要制约因素。高熵合金因具有独特的多主元设计，展现出高强度、高硬度、优异的动态断裂韧性等核心潜力，被视为极具前景的新型药型罩候选材料。在此背景下，通过激光熔化技术制备了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金，并对其开展了静、动态力学性能测试与研究，确定了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的Johnson-Cook（J-C）动态本构模型及其参数。利用LS-DYNA建立了紫铜和高熵合金2种材料的聚能射流形成模型，并对紫铜和高熵合金聚能射流的形成过程和侵彻靶板过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明，相较于紫铜，高熵合金药型罩能够形成更稳定、连续的射流，独特的成型与拉断机理使其获得更深的侵彻深度，证实了高熵合金在提升毁伤效能方面的显著优势。Abstract: The continuous advancement of modern armor protection technology has imposed severe challenges on the damage power of shaped charge warheads. Traditional liner materials have become a major constraint in improving penetration depth due to their limited comprehensive performance. High entropy alloys (HEAs), owing to their unique multi-principal element design, exhibit core potentials, such as high strength, high hardness, and excellent dynamic fracture toughness, thereby making them highly promising candidate materials for new-generation liners. In this study, the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was prepared via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and the mechanical properties of the alloy were tested under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) dynamic constitutive model and related parameters for the CoCrFeMnNi HEA were determined. Using LS-DYNA, shaped charge jet formation models for both copper and high entropy alloy were established, and numerical simulations were carried out on the processes of jet formation and target penetration for copper and HEA. The research results indicate that, when compared with copper, the CoCrFeMnNi HEA liner can form a more stable and continuous jet. Its unique formation and stretching-breakup mechanisms ultimately result in greater penetration depth, confirming the significant advantage of high entropy alloys in the enhanced damage effect.
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图 1 SLM 打印的 CoCrFeMnNi 高熵合金块体
Figure 1. CoCrFeMnNi HEA bulk fabricated by SLM printing
图 2 CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的准静态和动态应力-应变曲线以及相应的Johnson-Cook本构模型拟合曲线
Figure 2. Quasi-static and dynamic stress-strain curves, and the fitted curve of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model for CoCrFeMnNi HEA
图 4 CoCrFeMnNi 高熵合金射流成型与拉伸演化时序
Figure 4. Temporal sequence of jet formation and stretching evolution in CoCrFeMnNi HEA
图 5 紫铜射流成型与拉伸演化时序
Figure 5. Temporal sequence of jet formation and stretching evolution in metallic copper
图 6 CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金与紫铜射流成型中头部速度随时间的演化
Figure 6. Evolution of head velocity in CoCrFeMnNi HEA and copper jet formation with time
图 7 CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金侵彻靶板演化
Figure 7. Evolution of CoCrFeMnNi HEA penetrating into a target plate
表 1 CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的J-C参数
Table 1. J-C parameters of CoCrFeMnNi HEA
ρ0/(g·cm−3) A/MPa B/MPa n C m cp/(J·g−1·K−1) $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s−1 Tm/K 7.96 550 780 0.6 0.14 1 0.452 1×10−3 1793 
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表 2 CoCrFeMnNi 高熵合金的状态方程参数
Table 2. Equation of state parameters of CoCrFeMnNi HEA
σHEL/GPa C0/(km·s−1) S γ 2.58 3.81–3.92 1.36 1.78
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表 3 炸药材料参数
Table 3. Explosive material parameters
AJWL/GPa BJWL/GPa R1 R2 ω ρ0/(g·cm−3) E0/GPa D/(m·s−1) pCJ/GPa 371.2 3.231 4.15 0.95 0.3 1.78 4.192 6930 34
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