表面活性剂改性硝酸铵性能

汪鑫齐; 吴红波; 胡鹏飞; 任梦雨; 谢孟治; 夏文杰; 朱磊磊

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251252

表面活性剂改性硝酸铵性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251252

安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001

基金项目: 安徽高校自然科学研究重大项目（2024AH040070）

详细信息

作者简介:
汪鑫齐（2000－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事工业炸药研究. E-mail：93114508@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴红波（1975－），男，博士，教授，主要从事爆破器材与安全研究. E-mail：hbwu@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ110; TB332; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-06
- 修回日期: 2025-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-17

Properties of Surfactant-Modified Ammonium Nitrate

School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 多孔硝酸铵因其多孔隙结构常被用于特定作业，但其运输成本较高。为此，以离子表面活性剂PST为添加剂，通过喷雾造粒法制备了多孔隙改性硝酸铵，研究了不同质量分数（0～0.4%）的PST对硝酸铵孔隙结构、吸油率、热稳定性及爆炸性能的影响。结果表明：随着PST含量的增加，硝酸铵由致密颗粒逐步转变为具有明显连通孔隙的多孔结构，热稳定性基本保持不变，基体化学组成未发生本质改变，但吸附水降低。改性后样品与油相的结合能力提高，所配装药的爆速由未改性时的“未正常起爆”提升至2831.85 m/s。微量PST可在基本不损害热安全性的前提下，诱导硝酸铵形成多孔结构，并显著改善爆速表现，具有较大的工程应用潜力。
- 改性硝酸铵 /
- 喷雾造粒 /
- 孔隙率 /
- 热稳定性 /
- 爆炸性能
Abstract: Porous ammonium nitrate is frequently used for specific applications due to its porous structure when compared with conventional ammonium nitrate, however, its higher transportation costs increase overall operational expenses. This study investigated the preparation of porous granular modified ammonium nitrate using ionic surfactant PST as an additive via spray granulation. The effects of varying PST concentrations (0−0.4%) on the pore structure, oil absorption capacity, thermal stability, and explosive properties of ammonium nitrate were examined. The research results indicate that increasing PST content gradually transforms dense ammonium nitrate particles into a porous structure with distinct interconnected pores. Thermal stability remains essentially unchanged, and the matrix chemical composition undergoes no fundamental alteration, though its adsorbed water content decreases. The modified samples exhibit enhanced binding capacity with the oil phase. The detonation velocity of the assembled charge increases from “failed to detonate normally” in the unmodified state to 2831.85 m/s. Trace amounts of PST can induce the formation of a porous structure in ammonium nitrate without significantly compromising thermal safety, while markedly improving detonation velocity performance, demonstrating potential for engineering applications.
- modified ammonium nitrate /
- spray granulation /
- porosity /
- thermal stability /
- explosive properties

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图 1 喷雾干燥制备示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of spray drying preparation

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图 2 PST的XRD谱

Figure 2. XRD pattern of PST

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图 3 改性硝酸铵表面的SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM images of surface morphology of modified ammonium nitrate

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图 4 改性硝酸铵的TG和DTG曲线

Figure 4. TG and DTG curves of modified ammonium nitrate

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图 5 改性硝酸铵的红外光谱

Figure 5. Infrared spectra of modified ammonium nitrate

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图 6 硝酸铵改性机理示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the mechanism of modified ammonium nitrate

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表 1 改性硝酸铵溶液配方

Table 1. Modified ammonium nitrate solution formulation

No. Mass fraction of PST/% Mass fraction of AN/% Mass fraction of H₂O/%

E1 0 60.00 40
E2 0.06 59.94 40
E3 0.12 59.88 40
E4 0.18 59.82 40
E5 0.24 59.76 40

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