护壁切槽耦合爆破机制研究

龚悦; 苏洪; 刘步青; 潘言; 王存国; 孙金山

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251238

护壁切槽耦合爆破机制研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251238

龚悦^{1, 2, 3,},
苏洪³,
刘步青³,
潘言³,
王存国⁴,
孙金山^{1, 2, 5,*, ,}

1.
江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉　430056
2.
江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉　430056
3.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001
4.
中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司, 湖北武汉　430056
5.
江汉大学数字建造与爆破工程学院, 湖北武汉　430056

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52304201）；安徽省博士后科研项目（2023B743）；江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室-江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金（PBSKL2023B9，PBSKL2023A5）

详细信息

作者简介:
龚　悦（1987－），女，博士，副教授，主要从事含能材料性能研究. E-mail：yuegong_aust@163.com

通讯作者:
孙金山（1980－），男，博士，教授，主要从事地下建筑与工程爆破研究. E-mail：sunjinshan@jhun.edu.cn

中图分类号: TJ55; TQ560.7; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-24
- 修回日期: 2025-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-24
- 刊出日期: 2026-10-22

Coupling Mechanism of Wall Protection Blasting and Notched Blasting

GONG Yue^{1, 2, 3
,},
SU Hong³,
LIU Buqing³,
PAN Yan³,
WANG Cunguo⁴,
SUN Jinshan^{1, 2, 5,*
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
2.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
3.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
4.
China Railway Fourth Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
5.
School of Digital Construction and Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为提高复杂地质条件下的爆破成型精度及围岩保护效果，基于数字激光动态焦散线试验系统，采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯材料试件，开展了护壁爆破与护壁切槽耦合爆破的对比试验，系统研究了2种爆破模式下的裂纹扩展机制与力学响应特征。结果表明：护壁切槽耦合爆破中主裂纹沿预设切槽方向稳定扩展，展现出优异的定向控制效果；同时，其裂纹尖端应力强度因子二次峰值明显高于单一护壁爆破，显示出更强的动态应力集中效应，护壁切槽耦合爆破不仅整体裂纹扩展速度更高、后期衰减缓慢，且体现出更强的持续性和稳定性；此外，该模式在减少护壁侧裂纹长度与数量方面表现出更优的岩体保护效果。研究表明，护壁切槽耦合爆破通过切槽引导与能量再集中机制显著优化了裂纹扩展行为，提升了爆破的定向性与能量利用效率。研究成果可为岩体精准爆破设计及工程应用提供理论依据与技术支持。
- 动焦散试验 /
- 动态应力强度因子 /
- 护壁爆破 /
- 切槽爆破 /
- 定向断裂
Abstract: In order to improve the blasting contour accuracy and surrounding rockprotection under complex geological conditions, comparative experiments of protective blasting and protective notched-coupling blasting were conducted using a digital laser dynamic caustic experimental system and polymethyl methacrylate specimens. The crack propagation mechanisms and mechanical response characteristics of the two blasting modes were systematically investigated. The results show that in the protective notched-coupling blasting, the main crack propagates stably along the preset notched direction, demonstrating effective directional control. Meanwhile, the secondary peak value of the crack-tip stress intensity factor is significantly higher than that of the single protective blasting, indicating a stronger dynamic stress concentration effect. The notched-coupling blasting not only achieves a higher overall crack propagation velocity with slower attenuation at later stages, but also exhibits greater persistence and stability. In addition, this blasting mode effectively reduces the length and number of cracks on the protected wall side, thereby providing better rock-mass protection. The study reveals that the protective notched-coupling blasting optimizes crack propagation behavior and improves the directionality and energy utilization efficiency of blasting through the combined mechanisms of notch guidance and energy re-concentration. These findings provide theoretical support and technical guidance for precision blasting design and engineering applications in deep rock masses.
- dynamic caustic experiment /
- dynamic stress intensity factor /
- wall protection blasting /
- notched blasting /
- directional crack

HTML全文

图 1 焦散成像原理

Figure 1. Principle of caustic imaging

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图 2 动焦散试验系统

Figure 2. Dynamic caustic experimental system

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图 3 试件设计

Figure 3. Specimen design layout

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图 4 试件爆后效果

Figure 4. Post-blast state of the specimens

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图 5 部分焦散斑扩展过程

Figure 5. Selected frames from the caustic pattern propagation sequence

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图 6 爆生气体演化

Figure 6. Evolution of explosive gas

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图 7 护壁爆破试验数据拟合分析

Figure 7. Fitting analysis of protective blasting test data

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图 8 护壁切槽耦合爆破试验数据拟合分析

Figure 8. Fitting analysis of protective-notched coupling blasting test data

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图 9 应力强度因子变化规律

Figure 9. Stress intensity factor variation law

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图 10 裂纹扩展速度曲线

Figure 10. Crack propagation velocity curve

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表 1 PMMA 材料参数^[18]

Table 1. Material parameters of PMMA^[18]

ν_d	E_d/GPa	C_t/(m²·N⁻¹)	C₁/(m·s⁻¹)	C₂/(m·s⁻¹)
0.31	6.10	0.88×10⁻¹⁰	2320	1260

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表 2 PVC材料参数^[19]

Table 2. Material parameters of PVC^[19]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	Tensile strength/MPa	Shock strength/(kJ·m⁻²)
1.38	60.00	7.0

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表 3 DDNP性能参数^[20]

Table 3. DDNP parameters^[20]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	Q/(kJ·kg⁻¹)	TNT equivalent	D/(m·s⁻¹)	V/L
1.63	1400	0.335	5700	600–700

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表 4 裂纹扩展长度

Table 4. Crack propagation length

Sample group	Horizontal direction (left)/mm	Horizontal direction (right)/mm	Wall protection direction/mm	Non-wall protection direction/mm
Protective blasting	51.6	41.5	10	17
Notched coupling blasting	54.7	52.0	7	14

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