单管多排孔气泡帷幕削波效率及机理

李基锐; 晋聪; 杜明燃; 曾辉莲; 覃才勇

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251231

单管多排孔气泡帷幕削波效率及机理

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251231

李基锐^{1, 2,},
晋聪³,
杜明燃^{2, 3,*, ,},
曾辉莲^{1, 2},
覃才勇^{1, 2}

1.
广西新港湾工程有限公司, 广西南宁　530200
2.
广西壮族自治区水下破岩工程研究中心, 广西南宁　530200
3.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001

基金项目: 安徽省高校科学研究项目（KJ2021A0431）；中央引导地方科技发展资金（桂科ZY23055050）

详细信息

作者简介:
李基锐（1987－），男，本科，高级工程师，主要从事水下爆破工程和安全研究. E-mail：314007626@qq.com

通讯作者:
杜明燃（1987－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事炸药性能和爆破技术研究. E-mail：dumingranaust@163.com

中图分类号: O389; TD235; O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-20
- 修回日期: 2025-12-27
- 录用日期: 2026-09-08
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-03

Wave-Cutting Efficiency and Mechanism of Single-Tube Multi-Row Hole Bubble Curtain

LI Jirui^{1, 2
,},
JIN Cong³,
DU Mingran^{2, 3,*
, ,},
ZENG Huilian^{1, 2},
QIN Caiyong^{1, 2}

1.
Guangxi New Harbor Engineering Co. Ltd., Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
2.
Research Institution of Underwater Rock-Cutting Engineering at Guangxi Zhuang Municipality Region, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
3.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为进一步优化气泡帷幕的削波效率，设计了单管多排气泡孔水下爆炸冲击波衰减效果现场试验，利用高速摄影技术观测了气泡帷幕形态，并利用AUTODYN软件研究了气泡帷幕数值计算模型的等效厚度。结果表明：在相同的气流量条件下，气泡孔排数是影响削波效率的重要因素，当爆心距为12.0 m时，孔排数为1、2和3时对应的削波效率分别为89.92%、97.25%和96.41%；在不同的爆心距下，2排孔气泡帷幕的削波效率均最佳，削波效率均大于95%。无论是气泡帷幕的厚度还是密集度，2排孔气泡帷幕对应的削波效率均最大，气泡帷幕厚度是决定削波效率的关键因素。采用试验与数值模拟相结合方法建立的等效厚度拟合公式具有较高的可靠性，模拟模型具有较高的准确度。建议类似工程采取单管2排孔气泡帷幕实现便捷、高效和低成本削波。
- 水下冲击波 /
- 气泡帷幕 /
- 削波效率 /
- 孔排数 /
- 等效厚度
Abstract: To further enhance the wave-cutting efficiency of bubble curtain, a series of field tests were conducted. These tests involved the use of single-tube and multi-row bubble holes, as well as high-speed photography to observe the morphology of the bubble curtain. Additionally, a numerical calculation model for the equivalent thickness of the bubble curtain was constructed using AUTODYN software. The results indicate that the number of bubble hole rows is a critical factor affecting wave-cutting efficiency under the same air flow rate. At a detonation center distance of 12.0 m, the wave-cutting efficiencies for 1, 2, and 3 rows of holes are 89.92%, 97.25%, and 96.41%, respectively. At different distances from the detonation center, the two-row hole bubble curtain demonstrated the highest wave-cutting efficiency, consistently exceeding 95%. The thickness and density of the bubble curtain are maximized for two rows of holes, and the thickness of the bubble curtain is the key factor determining wave-cutting efficiency. The equivalent thickness fitting formula established by combining experiments and simulations has high reliability, and the numerical simulations also exhibit high accuracy. To achieve convenient, efficient and low-cost wave-cutting efficiency, it is recommended that the single-tube two-row hole bubble curtain is applied in similar projects.
- underwater shock wave /
- bubble curtain /
- wave-cutting efficiency /
- number of hole rows /
- equivalent thickness

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图 1 气泡帷幕发生管示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the bubble curtain tube

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图 2 测试示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of test

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图 3 爆心距12.0 m处的冲击波压力测试曲线

Figure 3. Shock wave pressure test curves for the explosion center distance of 12.0 m

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图 4 各试验不同测点的平均峰值压力变化曲线

Figure 4. Average peak pressure curves of different measuring points in each test

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图 5 单排孔时冲击波压力时程曲线

Figure 5. Time-history curves of shock wave pressure in a single row of holes

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图 6 不同孔排数气泡帷幕简易模型

Figure 6. Simple models for the bubble curtain with different hole rows

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图 7 不同孔排数气泡发生管的气泡帷幕正面图像

Figure 7. Front view of the bubble curtain for bubble generation tubes with different numbers of holes

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图 8 气泡帷幕密集度黑白化处理图像

Figure 8. Black and white processing of the bubble curtain density

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图 9 气泡帷幕密集度黑白化处理图像

Figure 9. Black and white processing of the bubble curtain density

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图 10 数值模拟计算模型

Figure 10. Modelling for the numerical simulation

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图 11 网格无关性验证

Figure 11. Independence verification of the mesh size

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图 12 爆心距为12.0 m时试验与模拟波形的对比

Figure 12. Comparison of test and simulated waveforms with the explosion center distance of 12.0 m

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图 13 爆炸冲击波的发展过程

Figure 13. Progress for the change process of explosion shock wave

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图 14 爆心距为12.0 m处的冲击波压力模拟结果

Figure 14. Simulation results of the shock wave pressure with the explosion center distance of 12.0 m

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图 15 不同气泡帷幕等效厚度条件下各测点的模拟结果

Figure 15. Simulation results of each measurement point with the equivalent thickness of different bubble curtains

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图 16 爆心距24.0 m处试验与模拟波形的对比

Figure 16. Comparison of test and simulated waveforms with the explosion center distance of 24.0 m

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表 1 试验参数设计

Table 1. Experimental design parameters

Test No.	Number of rows of holes	Test No.	Number of rows of holes
D1	0	D5	2
D2	0	D6	2
D3	1	D7	3
D4	1	D8	3

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表 2 D1和D2不同测点的峰值压力

Table 2. Peak pressures at different measurement points for D1 and D2

Test No.	p_m/MPa
Test No.	d=12.0 m	d=24.0 m	d=33.6 m
D1	1.883	0.764	0.403
D2	1.903	0.620	0.511

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表 3 各试验不同测点的冲击波峰值压力

Table 3. Peak pressure of shock waves at different measurement points in each test

Test No.	p_m/MPa
Test No.	d=12.0 m	Average value	d=24.0 m	Average value	d=33.6 m	Average value
D3	0.154	0.191	0.076	0.067	0.032	0.036
D4	0.228	0.191	0.057	0.067	0.040	0.036
D5	0.050	0.052	0.020	0.026	0.019	0.020
D6	0.054	0.052	0.031	0.026	0.021	0.020
D7	0.070	0.068	0.037	0.030	0.029	0.024
D8	0.066	0.068	0.023	0.030	0.018	0.024

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表 4 不同孔排数和爆心距对应的削波效率

Table 4. Wave-cutting efficiency to shock wave under different hole rows and explosion center distances

Number of hole rows	A/%
Number of hole rows	d=12.0 m	d=24.0 m	d=33.6 m
1	89.92	90.32	92.12
2	97.25	96.24	95.62
3	96.41	95.66	94.75

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表 5 峰值压力模拟结果和削波效率

Table 5. Peak pressure and attenuation efficiency of the simulations

B/cm	d=12.0 m		d=24.0 m		d=33.6 m
B/cm	p/MPa	A/%	p/MPa	A/%	p/MPa	A/%
0	1.760		0.726		0.495
20.62	0.201	88.58	0.071	90.22	0.041	91.72
36.90	0.055	96.88	0.030	95.87	0.021	95.76
33.84	0.071	95.97	0.039	94.63	0.029	94.14

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