金属射流冲击传爆用聚能罩结构和稳定传爆距离仿真计算研究

王馨悦; 王晨龙; 李志强

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251230

金属射流冲击传爆用聚能罩结构和稳定传爆距离仿真计算研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251230

王馨悦^1,,
王晨龙^{1, 2, 3, 4,*, ,},
李志强^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
太原理工大学航空航天学院, 山西太原　030024
2.
太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室, 山西太原　030024
3.
太原理工大学山西省力学基础学科研究中心, 山西太原　030024
4.
太原理工大学力学国家级实验教学示范中心, 山西太原　030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11972244）

详细信息

作者简介:
王馨悦（2000－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学及其应用研究. E-mail：1209012780@qq.com

通讯作者:
王晨龙（1988－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事冲击动力学及爆炸力学研究. E-mail：wangchenlong@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O358; O521.9
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- 文章访问数: 874
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-20
- 修回日期: 2025-12-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-16

Simulation and Calculation Study on Shaped Charge Liner Structure for Metal Jet Impact Detonation Propagation and Stable Detonation Propagation Distance

WANG Xinyue^1
,,
WANG Chenlong^{1, 2, 3, 4,*
, ,},
LI Zhiqiang^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
2.
Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Strength and Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
3.
Shanxi Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
4.
National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 切顶卸压沿空留巷技术在煤矿开采中广泛应用，其预裂爆破采用分段空气间隔装药结构，每段药柱需配备单独雷管起爆，存在单孔雷管用量大、成本高、操作复杂及安全风险突出等问题。为解决此瓶颈，提出将金属聚能射流冲击传爆技术应用于复合顶板预裂爆破。通过 LS-DYNA 系统开展了药型罩结构优化、金属射流冲击传爆影响因素分析以及稳定传爆距离研究。结果表明：铝制药型罩的综合性能最优，当锥角为60°、壁厚为1 mm 时，可形成速度高、长度长且连续性良好的聚能射流；铜制药型罩因强度高、压垮能量阈值大，在低威力装药条件下难以形成有效射流；铅制药型罩虽易驱动，但射流稳定性差、易断裂；当装药长径比大于3时，有效装药量达到饱和，新增装药的能量多通过径向膨胀和热耗散损失，射流的最高速度和稳定速度均趋于稳定；在空气自由场中，锥角为60°、壁厚为1 mm的铝制药型罩射流的冲击传爆可靠距离上限为 90 cm，超过此距离，射流拉伸衰减导致压力不足，无法起爆乳化炸药；钢管等密闭约束可显著抑制爆轰产物的径向膨胀，提升能量利用率，进而延长药型罩金属射流冲击传爆距离。
- 金属射流 /
- 冲击传爆 /
- 药型罩结构 /
- 分段装药 /
- 稳定传爆 /
- 乳化炸药
Abstract: Gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting and pressure relief is widely employed in coal mining. However, the multi-segment air-decked charge structure used in its pre-splitting blasting requires a separate detonator for each charge segment, leading to problems such as high detonator consumption per borehole, elevated costs, operational complexity, and significant safety risks. To address this engineering challenge, the application of shaped metal jet impact-induced initiation technology in composite roof pre-splitting blasting has been proposed. Using LS-DYNA numerical simulation, a systematic investigation was conducted on liner structure optimization, factors affecting metal jet impact initiation, and the stable initiation distance. The findings demonstrate that the aluminum liner exhibits the optimal overall performance. With a cone angle of 60° and a wall thickness of 1 mm, it generates a shaped jet with high velocity, considerable length, and good continuity. In contrast, the copper liner, due to its high strength and high collapse energy threshold, fails to form an effective jet under low-power explosive charge conditions. Although the lead liner is readily accelerated, it produces jets with poor stability that are susceptible to necking and fragmentation. When the charge length-to-diameter ratio exceeds 3, the effective charge mass reaches saturation. Additional explosive energy is primarily dissipated through radial expansion and heat loss, resulting in the stabilization of both the maximum jet velocity and stable jet velocity. In an unconfined air environment, the maximum reliable initiation distance for a shaped jet from an aluminum liner (1 mm wall thickness, 60° cone angle) is 90 cm. Beyond this distance, jet stretching and attenuation lead to insufficient pressure to initiate the emulsion explosive. Confinement provided by steel pipes can significantly suppress the radial expansion of detonation products, enhancing energy utilization efficiency and consequently extending the initiation distance of the metal jet.
- metal jet /
- impact initiation /
- liner structure /
- decked charge /
- stable initiation /
- emulsion explosive

HTML全文

图 1 不同网格尺寸下同一时刻的射流形态

Figure 1. Jet morphologies at the same time under different element sizes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同网格尺寸下射流头部速度曲线

Figure 2. Jet tip velocity curves under different element sizes

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图 3 不同约束条件下模型示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the models under different constraint environments

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图 4 不同结构下射流在同一时刻的长度和形态

Figure 4. Length and morphology of the jet at the same time under different working conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 同一时刻不同药型罩形成的射流长度

Figure 5. Lengths of jet formed by different liners at the same time

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图 6 不同长径下射流头部速度曲线

Figure 6. Velocity curves of the jet tip under different length-to-diameter ratios

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图 7 射流最高速度和稳定速度随长径比的变化

Figure 7. Variations of the maximum velocity and stable velocity of jet with length-to-diameter ratios

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图 8 不同炸高下乳化炸药冲击起爆压力云图

Figure 8. Pressure contour maps of emulsion explosives initiated by impact at different standoff heights

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图 9 不同约束条件下药型罩压垮阶段示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the collapse stage of liner under different confinement conditions

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图 10 35 µs时不同约束条件下射流速度云图

Figure 10. Jet velocity contour maps under different confinement conditions at 35 µs

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图 11 不同约束条件下被发乳化炸药爆轰示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of detonation of cartridge emulsion explosives under different confinement conditions

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表 1 正交试验的各因素水平

Table 1. Levels of each factor in the orthogonal test

Level Factor
Material h/mm $ \gamma $/(°)

1 Aluminum 1 60
2 Copper 2 90
3 Lead 3 120

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 乳化炸药的材料参数和JWL状态方程参数^[23]

Table 2. Emulsion explosive material parameters and JWL state equation parameters^[23]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³) D_CJ/(km·s⁻¹) p_CJ/GPa A_JWL/GPa B_JWL/GPa R₁ R₂ ω E₀/GPa

1.1 4.5 970 214 0.182 4.2 0.9 0.15 4.192

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 金属药型罩材料模型参数和状态方程参数^[23]

Table 3. Material model and equation of state parameters for metal shaped charge liner^[23]

Material ρ/(g·cm⁻³) C₀/(km·s⁻¹) S Γ n c m

Aluminum 2.71 5.35 1.34 1.97 0.28 0.02 1.34
Copper 8.93 3.94 1.49 2.02 0.31 0.025 1.09
Lead 11.20 1.98 1.58 2.77 1 0.1 1

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 乳化炸药的点火增长模型参数^[24]

Table 4. Ignition and growth reactive model of emulsion explosives^[24]

I b a x G₁ c

40 0.667 0.09 7 41.7 0.667
d y G₂ e g z
0.333 1.12 200 0.667 1.00 2.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 PVC聚能管的模型参数^[23]

Table 5. Parameters of PVC energy gathering tube^[23]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³) E/MPa μ σ_y/MPa T/MPa ε_f LCSS

0.83 3057.78 0.45 6.895 344.75 0.25 3451

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 岩石的本构模型参数^[23]

Table 6. Parameters of rock constitutive model^[23]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³) E/GPa A B C M N D₁ D₂

3.47 32 0.7 0.23 0.005 0.61 0.61 0.005 0.7

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

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Level	Factor
Level	Material	h/mm	$ \gamma $/(°)
1	Aluminum	1	60
2	Copper	2	90
3	Lead	3	120

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D_CJ/(km·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A_JWL/GPa	B_JWL/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
1.1	4.5	970	214	0.182	4.2	0.9	0.15	4.192

Material	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	C₀/(km·s⁻¹)	S	Γ	n	c	m
Aluminum	2.71	5.35	1.34	1.97	0.28	0.02	1.34
Copper	8.93	3.94	1.49	2.02	0.31	0.025	1.09
Lead	11.20	1.98	1.58	2.77	1	0.1	1

I	b	a	x	G₁	c
40	0.667	0.09	7	41.7	0.667

d	y	G₂	e	g	z
0.333	1.12	200	0.667	1.00	2.00

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/MPa	μ	σ_y/MPa	T/MPa	ε_f	LCSS
0.83	3057.78	0.45	6.895	344.75	0.25	3451

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	A	B	C	M	N	D₁	D₂
3.47	32	0.7	0.23	0.005	0.61	0.61	0.005	0.7

金属射流冲击传爆用聚能罩结构和稳定传爆距离仿真计算研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251230

作者简介: 王馨悦（2000－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学及其应用研究. E-mail：1209012780@qq.com

通讯作者: 王晨龙（1988－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事冲击动力学及爆炸力学研究. E-mail：wangchenlong@tyut.edu.cn

计量

出版历程

Simulation and Calculation Study on Shaped Charge Liner Structure for Metal Jet Impact Detonation Propagation and Stable Detonation Propagation Distance

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
王馨悦（2000－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学及其应用研究. E-mail：1209012780@qq.com

通讯作者:
王晨龙（1988－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事冲击动力学及爆炸力学研究. E-mail：wangchenlong@tyut.edu.cn