水下爆炸气泡多次膨胀-收缩运动特性光学试验研究

盛振新; 王海坤; 陈继平; 张显丕; 余俊; 杲涛

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251185

水下爆炸气泡多次膨胀-收缩运动特性光学试验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251185

盛振新^{1, 2, 3,*, ,},
王海坤^{1, 2, 3},
陈继平^{1, 2, 3},
张显丕^{1, 2, 3},
余俊^{1, 2, 3},
杲涛^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中国船舶科学研究中心, 江苏无锡　214082
2.
深海技术科学太湖实验室, 江苏无锡　214082
3.
船舶结构安全全国重点实验室, 江苏无锡　214082

基金项目: 中国船舶科学研究中心稳定支持项目（WDZC70202030301）

详细信息

通讯作者:
盛振新（1986－），男，博士，研究员，主要从事舰船毁伤与防护研究. E-mail：shengzx@cssrc.com.cn

中图分类号: TJ6; O38; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-03
- 修回日期: 2025-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-16
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-05

Optical Experimental Study on the Multiple Expansion-Contraction Motion Characteristics of Underwater Explosion Bubbles

SHENG Zhenxin^{1, 2, 3,*
, ,},
WANG Haikun^{1, 2, 3},
CHEN Jiping^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Xianpi^{1, 2, 3},
YU Jun^{1, 2, 3},
GAO Tao^{1, 2, 3}

1.
China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, Jiangsu, China
2.
Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological Science, Wuxi 214082, Jiangsu, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Wuxi 214082, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 水下爆炸气泡的膨胀-收缩运动会持续多次，在此过程中将发生能量的相互转换。在爆炸水池内分别开展了20、40和60 g RS211装药的气泡运动光测试验，采用高速相机拍摄气泡多次脉动的演化过程，对图像进行智能化识别处理，得到气泡的脉动周期和最大半径。在此基础上，理论分析了气泡多次脉动过程中势能、内能的转换机制。结果表明：第2次气泡脉动相对于第1次气泡脉动的余能率为0.31；气泡内能占总能的比例为5.4%～6.6%；工程计算时，可忽略气泡内能，采用气泡势能表征气泡能。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 气泡脉动 /
- 光学测量 /
- 能量转换
Abstract: The underwater explosion bubbles expand and contract several times until it runs out of energy, during the pulsations, the mutual conversion of energy occurs. At present, there is insufficient attention paid to multiple pulsations characteristics and energy conversion of underwater explosion bubbles. In this paper, the underwater explosion tests of 20, 40, and 60 g RS211 charges were carried out, and the evolution process of the bubbles multiple pulsations were photographed with a high-speed camera, then pulsation period and maximum radius of the bubbles were obtained after intelligent processing. On this basis, the theoretical analysis was conducted on the conversion mechanism of the potential energy, internal energy during the multiple pulsations. The results show that: (1) the residual energy rate of the second bubble pulsation relative to the first bubble pulsation was 0.31; (2) the proportion of internal energy of the bubbles to total energy is 5.4%−6.6%, so the internal energy could be ignored, and energy of the bubbles could be represented by the potential energy in the engineering application.
- underwater explosion /
- bubble pulsation /
- optical measurement /
- energy conversion

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图 1 爆炸水池

Figure 1. Explosion pool

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图 2 试验总体布置示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of overall test layout

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图 3 观测窗

Figure 3. Observation window

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图 4 20 g RS211装药爆炸气泡运动过程图像（上图为拍摄图像，下图为软件输出结果）

Figure 4. Bubble motion images for RS211 charge of 20 g (Upper： original images; lower： processed results by software.)

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图 5 40 g RS211装药爆炸气泡运动过程图像（上图为拍摄图像，下图为软件输出结果）

Figure 5. Bubble motion images for RS211 charge of 40 g (Upper： original images; lower： processed results by software.)

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图 6 60 g RS211装药爆炸气泡运动过程图像（上图为拍摄图像，下图为软件输出结果）

Figure 6. Bubble motion images for aluminized charge of 60 g (Upper： original images; lower： processed results by software.)

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图 7 20 g RS211装药爆炸气泡边界和中心的位移时程曲线

Figure 7. Position-time curves of boundary and center of bubble for an RS211 charge of 20 g

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图 8 40 g RS211装药爆炸气泡边界和中心的位移时程曲线

Figure 8. Position-time curves of boundary and center of bubble for an RS211 charge of 40 g

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图 9 60 g RS211装药爆炸气泡边界和中心的位移时程曲线

Figure 9. Position-time curves of boundary and center of bubble for an RS211 charge of 60 g

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表 1 TNT气泡的最大半径试验值与Cole理论值对比

Table 1. Comparison of TNT bubble maximum radius between test results and Cole theoretical results

Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Maximum radius
Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Test result/mm	Theoretical result/mm	Deviation/%
20	3.01	413.2	401.8	2.76
40	3.02	526.9	506.1	3.95
60	3.01	579.7	579.4	0.05

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表 2 RS211装药气泡的运动参数

Table 2. Parameters of bubble motion for RS211 charge

Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	The first pulsation		The second pulsation
Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Period/ms	Maximum radius/mm	Period/ms	Maximum radius/mm
20	3.0	83	505.9	56	337.7
		84	507.9	56	335.0
		84	502.4	56	338.5
		84	510.3	56	335.8
40	3.0	103	666.6	69	449.0
		104	655.2	70	432.5
		104	654.7	71	440.9
		104	657.9	71	444.6
60	3.0	117	726.1	81	537.8
		117	726.4	81	532.5
		118	722.0	81	534.0

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表 3 气泡脉动周期试验值与Cole理论值的对比

Table 3. Comparison of bubble pulse period between test results and Cole theoretical results

Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Period
Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Test result/ms	Theoretical result/ms	Deviation/%
20	3.01	68.00	66.4	2.35
40	3.02	85.33	83.6	2.03
60	3.01	97.33	95.7	1.67

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表 4 气泡最大半径试验值与Cole理论值对比

Table 4. Comparison of bubble maximum radius between experiment results and Cole theoretical results

Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Maximum radius
Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	Test result/mm	Theoretical result/mm	Deviation/%
20	3.01	413.2	401.8	2.76
40	3.02	526.9	506.1	3.95
60	3.01	579.7	579.4	0.05

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表 5 气泡上浮位移试验值与Cole理论值对比

Table 5. Comparison of bubble migration between test results and Cole theoretical results

Charge mass/g	Bubble migration
Charge mass/g	Theoretical result/mm	Test result/mm	Deviation/%
20	254.3	56.0	−5.7
40	349.3	44.1	8.2
60	420.7	37.6	−11.7

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表 6 第1次气泡最大半径和第2次气泡最大半径时的能量分配

Table 6. Energy distributions at time of the first and the second maximum bubble radius

Charge mass/g	Water depth/m	$ {E}_{\mathrm{p}1} $/kJ	$ {E}_{\text{i}1} $/kJ	$ {E}_{\text{z}1} $/kJ	$ {E}_{\text{i}1}/{E}_{\text{z}1} $	$ {E}_{\mathrm{p}2} $/kJ	$ {E}_{\text{i}2} $/kJ	$ {E}_{\text{z}2} $/kJ	$ {E}_{\text{i}2}/{E}_{\text{z}2} $	Energy dissipated/kJ
20	3.0	70.8	4.8	75.6	6.3	21.1	1.5	22.6	6.6	53.0
40	3.0	162.0	9.2	171.2	5.4	49.5	2.9	52.4	5.5	118.9
60	3.0	209.4	14.3	223.7	6.4	72.5	4.3	76.8	6.6	146.9

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