Numerical Investigation on Cavity Evolution and Motion Characteristics of High Speed Water Entry Ogival Projectiles with Different Headforms
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摘要: 跨介质武器是目前军事领域的研究热点之一。基于雷诺时均N-S（Navier-Stokes）方程、流体体积（volume of fluid, VOF）多相流模型、修正Realizable k-ε湍流模型，构建了三维数值模拟方法，对不同头型的卵形弹高速垂直入水过程中的空泡演化及运动特性开展研究，分析了头型对空泡演化及运动特征的影响规律。研究表明：数值模拟与实验观测数据在空泡形态及运动速度的演化规律上呈现出良好的一致性。卵形弹头部的几何形状显著影响了入水空泡的形成机理及弹体运动特性。普通卵形弹和双锥卵形弹的空泡形成于弹体肩部区域，而锥柱卵形弹的空泡形成于头部并快速包裹整个弹体。结合压力场分析发现：双锥卵形弹头部出现了低压区，导致弹体的速度衰减变慢；锥柱卵形弹的头部形成典型高压区，导致弹体速度的衰减加快。此外，相比普通卵形弹和双锥卵形弹，锥柱卵形弹的轴向载荷增大了一倍以上。Abstract: At present, the trans-media weapon is one of research hotspot in the military field. Based on the Reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes (N-S) equation, volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model and modified Realizable k-ε turbulence model, a three-dimensional numerical simulation method is constructed to study the cavity evolution and motion characteristics of ogival projectiles with different headforms during high-speed vertical water entry. The influence of headforms on the cavitation evolution and motion characteristics is also analyzed. The results show that the numerical simulation and experimental data have good consistency in the evolution of cavity shape and motion velocity. The geometry of the projectile headform significantly affects the formation mechanism of the cavity and the motion characteristics of the projectiles. The cavity of ogival projectile and double-cone ogival projectile initially appears in the shoulder of the projectile, while that of cone-cylinder ogival nose projectiles starts in the head and quickly wraps the entire projectile body. Combined with the analysis of the fluid pressure field, it is shown that a low-pressure area appears on the double-cone ogival projectile, which leads to the slowdown of the projectile velocity attenuation. The head of the cone-cylinder ogival projectile forms a typical high-pressure area, which leads to the acceleration of the projectile velocity attenuation. In addition, the axial acceleration of the cone-cylinder ogival projectile is more than twice that of the other two projectiles.
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Key words:
- headform /
- ogival projectile /
- cavity evolution /
- high speed water entry /
- motion characteristic
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图 1 不同头型的卵形弹示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of ogival projectiles with different headforms
图 7 不同头型弹体入水空泡早期演化过程
Figure 7. Early cavity evolution process of the projectiles with different headforms
图 8 不同头型弹体入水空泡后期演化过程
Figure 8. Later cavity evolution process of the projectiles with different headforms
图 10 不同头型弹体空泡内部蒸气相分布示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vapor phase distribution in cavity of different head shape projectiles
图 11 不同头型弹体压力场分布示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of pressure field distribution of different head shape projectiles
图 12 不同头型弹体涡结构演化示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of vortex structure evolution of different head shape projectiles
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