Laminar Combustion and Explosive Characteristics of Ternary Premixed Fuels at High Pressure
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摘要: 针对高压下乙醇-氢气-甲烷三元预混燃料的层流燃烧和爆炸特性进行了系统性研究。采用定容燃烧系统，在初始温度为400 K、压力为0.1～0.4 MPa、当量比为0.7～1.4，乙醇体积分数分别为20%、50%和80%的工况下开展一系列实验。结果表明：当量比为1.1时，燃烧不稳定性最强，且不稳定性随着乙醇体积分数和压力的增大而增强，层流燃烧速度随着压力和乙醇体积分数的增大而降低，与机理模拟结果的相对偏差小于7%。在爆炸特性方面，最大爆炸压力与初始压力呈线性关系，其斜率随着乙醇体积分数的增大而增大；最大升压速率在当量比为1.1时达到峰值，最大可达188 MPa/s，对应的爆燃指数为23.66 MPa·m/s，处于相对安全水平。此外，还讨论了不同乙醇体积分数下的最优燃烧区间：乙醇体积分数为20%时，当量比为1.2～1.3、压力为0.1～0.3 MPa；乙醇体积分数为50%时，当量比为1.1～1.2、压力约为0.3 MPa；乙醇体积分数为80%时，当量比为1.0～1.1、压力约为0.1 MPa。动力学分析进一步表明：R1为主导链分支反应，是提升燃烧速率的关键步骤。机理模拟可准确捕捉自由基的演化趋势，验证了反应动力学模型的合理性。研究结果揭示了乙醇体积分数与压力共同作用下三元燃料燃烧和爆炸规律，可为高效清洁燃料设计与燃烧室优化提供参考。Abstract: This study systematically investigated the laminar burning and explosive characteristics of an ethanol-hydrogen-methane ternary premixed fuel at high pressure. Experiments were conducted in a constant-volume combustion system at initial temperature of 400 K, initial pressure (p0) ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa, equivalence ratio (ϕ) between 0.7 and 1.4, and the volume fraction ethanol of 20%, 50%, and 80%. The results show that the strongest combustion instability occurs at an equivalence ratio of 1.1, while the instability intensity increasing with higher ethanol content and elevated pressure. The laminar burning velocity (LBV) decreases with increasing pressure and ethanol concentration, deviating by less than 7% from kinetic simulation results. Regarding explosion characteristics, the maximum explosion pressure pmax exhibits a linear correlation with the initial pressure, and the slope of this relation increases with a higher ethanol ratios. The maximum rate of pressure rise peaks at ϕ=1.1, reaching a maximum value of 188 MPa/s, which corresponds to a deflagration index of 23.66 MPa·m/s, indicating a relatively safe level. The optimal combustion ranges for different ethanol blending ratios are as follows: ϕ is 1.2–1.3, p0 is 0.1–0.3 MPa at 20% ethanol; ϕ is 1.1–1.2 and p0≈0.3 MPa at 50% ethanol; ϕ is 1.0–1.1 and p0≈0.1 MPa at 80% ethanol. Kinetic analysis further reveals that reaction R1 serves as the dominant chain-branching step, playing a key role in enhancing the burning rate. The simulation accurately captures the evolution trends of radical species, validating the rationality of the reaction kinetic model. This study reveals the synergistic effects of ethanol proportion and pressure on the combustion and explosion behavior of ternary fuels, providing valuable references for the design of efficient clean fuels and the optimization of combustion chambers.
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图 13 不同乙醇体积分数下关键自由基生成与消耗的摩尔分数变化
Figure 13. Variations in molar fractions of key free radicals generated and consumed at different volume fractions of ethanol
图 16 预混燃料的(dp/dt)max与初始压力的线性关系
Figure 16. Linear correlation between (dp/dt)max of premixed fuel and initial pressure
图 18 预混燃料的tc与初始压力的线性关系
Figure 18. Linear correlation between tc of premixed fuel and initial pressure
表 1 不同工况下的斜率和截距
Table 1. Slope and intercept under different operating conditions
$ {w}_{{{\mathrm{C}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{H}}_{5}}\text{OH}} $/% Coefficient k1 i1 a − 7.5349 2.9684 50 b 19.0216 − 6.8654 c − 5.3950 3.7075 a − 4.0924 0.6587 80 b 11.9811 − 2.9577 c − 1.7188 2.5712 
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表 2 不同工况下的斜率和截距
Table 2. Slope and intercept under different operating conditions
$ {w}_{{{\mathrm{C}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{H}}_{5}}\text{OH}} $/% Coefficient k2 i2 a − 1750.4196 136.1818 50 b 4402.8111 − 415.5362 c − 2377.2581 344.1739 a − 1171.1624 − 158.8851 80 b 3171.2492 133.4702 c − 1686.2571 35.2433
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表 3 不同工况下的斜率和截距
Table 3. Slope and intercept under different conditions
$ {w}_{{{\mathrm{C}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{H}}_{5}}\text{OH}} $/% Coefficient k3 i3 a 0.0121 0.1997 50 b − 0.0362 − 0.4954 c 0.0605 0.3079 a 0.0466 0.0926 80 b − 0.1355 − 0.2191 c 0.1373 0.1294
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