Numerical Simulation Study of Dynamic Response of Salt Cavern Gas Storage under High-Velocity Penetration
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摘要: 地下盐穴储气库是重要的能源基础设施，一旦发生冲击破坏，将造成不可挽回的损失，因此，确定评估盐穴在极端冲击载荷下安全性的关键动态稳定性指标具有重要意义。为探究高速侵彻下盐穴储气库的动力学响应，基于Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma本构模型对盐岩材料进行定义，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件构建了储气库的有限元模型，分析某种武器对盐穴结构的损伤效应，在此基础上，开展了3种不同盖层厚度工况的数值模拟，考虑垂直位移、竖向应力、有效塑性应变、剪切应力4个参数，揭示了动态冲击下盐穴溶腔顶板和围岩结构的破坏机制，以及形成关键稳定性指标的变化规律。数值模拟结果表明：减小盖层厚度会导致围岩动态响应加剧，塑性变形区域扩大；顶板和围岩的位移呈先上升后下降趋势；低竖向应力区的盐岩会受到较大的剪切应力，更容易发生破坏；围岩积累更大的塑性应变，其塑性变化受侵彻扰动更敏感。Abstract: Underground salt cavern gas storage serves as a critical piece of energy infrastructure. Damage from impact events can cause irreparable losses, making it essential to establish key dynamic stability indicators for evaluating salt cavern safety under extreme impact loads. To investigate the dynamic response of salt cavern gas storage under high-velocity penetration, the salt rock material was modeled using the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) constitutive model, and a finite element model of the gas storage structure was developed in ANSYS/LS-DYNA software to analyze the damage effects of a weapon on the salt cavern structure. Numerical simulations were conducted for three scenarios with different overburden thicknesses, monitoring four key parameters: vertical displacement, vertical stress, effective plastic strain, and shear stress. These simulations revealed the failure mechanisms of the cavern roof and surrounding rock under dynamic impact, as well as the variation patterns of the key stability indicators. The results demonstrate that reducing the overburden thickness intensifies the dynamic response of the surrounding rock and expands plastic deformation zones. Displacements of the roof and surrounding rock exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease. Salt rock in regions of low vertical stress experienced higher shear stresses, increasing its susceptibility to failure. Furthermore, the surrounding rock accumulated greater plastic strain, indicating heightened sensitivity to penetration-induced disturbances.
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Key words:
- penetration effect /
- dynamic response /
- salt cavern gas storage /
- stability
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图 4 3种工况下不同时刻盐穴内部的损伤变化云图
Figure 4. Contours of the damage in the salt cavern at different times under the three working conditions
图 5 溶腔监测单元位置示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the positions of the cavity monitoring units
图 6 不同工况下各监测单元的垂直位移变化曲线
Figure 6. Maximum vertical displacement curves of each monitoring unit under different working conditions
图 7 不同工况下各监测单元的竖向应力增量变化曲线
Figure 7. Vertical stress increment variation curves of each monitoring unit under different working conditions
图 8 不同工况下各监测单元的有效塑性应变变化曲线
Figure 8. Effective plastic strain variation curves of each monitoring unit under different working conditions
图 9 不同工况下各监测单元剪切应力变化曲线
Figure 9. Shear stress variation curves of each monitoring unit under different working conditions
$ \rho $/(g·cm−3) G/GPa fc/MPa $ f_{\rm{t}}^{*} $ $ f_{\rm{s}}^{*} $ A 2.30 0.96 34.69 0.033 0.28 2.55 N Q B $ {\beta }_{\rm{c}} $ $ {\beta }_{\rm{t}} $ 0.63 0.68 0.01 0.03 0.04 
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表 2 盖层泥岩的HJC材料模型参数
Table 2. Model parameters of HJC material of cover layer mudstone
$ \rho $/(g·cm−3) G/GPa fc/MPa T/MPa D1 D2 2.60 0.20 27.15 1.75 0.04 1.00
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