岩石爆破损伤演化与动力响应的空孔效应

李涛; 倪羽; 王志亮

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251116

岩石爆破损伤演化与动力响应的空孔效应

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251116

合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院, 安徽合肥　230009

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12272119，U1965101）

详细信息

作者简介:
李　涛（2000－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石动力学研究. E-mail：3443302510@qq.com

通讯作者:
王志亮（1969－），男，博士，教授，主要从事岩石动力学与爆破工程研究. E-mail：cvewzL@hfut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD235; O521.9
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- 文章访问数: 276
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-23
- 修回日期: 2025-08-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30

Effect of Empty-Hole on Blasting-Induced Damage Evolution and Dynamic Response of Rock

School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 针对传统周边爆破易诱发随机裂纹损伤围岩的问题，结合弹性力学理论与基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的数值模拟方法，对空孔定向爆破中的损伤演化规律与动力响应特性进行了深入分析。首先，基于弹性力学理论，阐释了空孔在爆炸荷载下通过应力波反射产生拉应力集中从而实现对定向裂纹扩展的控制机制；接着，通过建立平面双孔不耦合装药数值模型，系统研究了炮孔间距和地应力场对损伤演化的影响；最后，分析了空孔附近峰值应力和质点峰值振速的动态变化规律。结果表明：空孔能够显著改变爆炸能量分布，将其引导至集中于炮孔连线方向，从而有效抑制非预期裂纹的萌生和扩展；空孔的定向效果受地应力场的调控，高地应力条件会削弱空孔水平方向的拉应力集中程度，进而抑制炮孔间裂纹扩展，故炮孔宜平行于岩体最大主应力方向布置，使定向效果最大化，并减弱地应力的抑制作用；当炮孔间距为11～14倍炮孔直径时，可促进主裂纹的稳定定向扩展，抑制非预期裂纹的发育，显著改善围岩损伤的控制效果。在高地应力工况下，建议将炮孔间距参考值适当缩小至8～11倍炮孔直径。
- 岩石 /
- 空孔效应 /
- 损伤演化 /
- 动力响应 /
- 地应力 /
- 裂纹
Abstract: Aiming at the issue that traditional perimeter blasting easily induces random crack damage in surrounding rocks, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the damage evolution laws and dynamic response characteristics in empty-hole directional blasting by integrating elastic mechanics theory with numerical simulation methods based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Firstly, drawing on the theory of elastic mechanics, the mechanical mechanism was elucidated whereby empty holes generate tensile stress concentration through stress wave reflection under explosive loading, thereby controlling the propagation of directional cracks. Subsequently, by establishing a numerical model of planar double-hole decoupled charge blasting, the effects of blasthole spacing and in-situ stress field on damage evolution were systematically investigated. Finally, the dynamic variation patterns of peak stress and peak particle vibration velocity near the empty hole were analyzed. The results indicate that empty holes can significantly alter the distribution of explosion energy, guiding it to concentrate along the line connecting the blastholes, thereby effectively suppressing the initiation and propagation of unintended cracks. The directional effect of empty holes is modulated by the in-situ stress field; high in-situ stress conditions reduce the degree of tensile stress concentration in the horizontal direction of the empty hole, thus inhibiting crack propagation between blastholes. Therefore, blastholes should be arranged parallel to the maximum principal stress direction of the rock mass to maximize the directional effect and mitigate the inhibitory influence of in-situ stress. When the blasthole spacing is 11−14 times the blasthole diameter, stable directional propagation of main cracks is promoted, the development of unintended cracks is suppressed, and the control of surrounding rock damage is significantly improved. Under high in-situ stress conditions, it is recommended to appropriately reduce the reference hole spacing to 8−11 times the blasthole diameter.
- rock /
- empty hole effect /
- damage evolution /
- dynamic response /
- geostress /
- crack

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图 1 相邻炮孔间裂纹贯穿机理

Figure 1. Penetration mechanism of cracks between adjacent blastholes

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图 2 地应力作用下空孔周围的应力分布

Figure 2. Stress distribution around an empty hole under in-situ stress

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图 3 炮孔周围岩石中的静态应力分布（k<1）

Figure 3. Distribution of static stress in rock around the blasthole (k<1)

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图 4 岩石单孔爆破裂纹扩展对比

Figure 4. Comparison of crack propagation in rock under single-hole blasting

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图 5 数值模型概况

Figure 5. Overview of the numerical model

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图 6 空孔作用下的应力云图

Figure 6. Contours of blasting-induced stress under the action of empty hole

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图 7 空孔作用下的爆破损伤云图

Figure 7. Contours of blasting-induced damage under the action of empty hole

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图 8 空孔作用下不同炮孔间距时的爆破损伤云图

Figure 8. Contours of blasting-induced damage with different blasthole spacing under the action of empty hole

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图 9 峰值压力随炮孔间距的变化

Figure 9. Variations of peak pressure with blasthole spacing

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图 10 质点峰值振速随炮孔间距的变化

Figure 10. Variations of PPV with blasthole spacing

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图 11 不同地应力下爆破损伤云图

Figure 11. Contours of blasting-induced damage under different in-situ stress

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图 12 竖直方向的应力时程曲线

Figure 12. Stress time-history curves in the vertical direction

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图 13 水平方向的应力时程曲线

Figure 13. Stress time-history curves in the horizontal direction

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表 1 RHT模型的材料参数^[23]

Table 1. Material parameters of the RHT model^[23]

ρ₀/(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	f_c/MPa	β_t	B₀	B₁	T₁/GPa	T₂/GPa	p_comp/GPa
2606	19.8	64.1	0.024	1.6	1.6	19.5	19.5	6.0

f_t^*	f_s^*	A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa	Q₀	B	${\dot \varepsilon _{{\text{c}}0}}$/s⁻¹	${\dot \varepsilon _{{\text{t}}0}}$/s⁻¹
0.012	0.15	19.5	31.2	17	0.685	1.6	3.0×10^–5	3.0×10^–6

p_crush/MPa	$g_{\mathrm{c}}^* $	$g_{\mathrm{t}}^* $	D₁	D₂	β_c	A	N	n
42.7	0.8	0.9	0.036	1	0.019	2.27	0.98	4

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表 2 炸药的材料参数^[24]

Table 2. Material parameters of the explosive^[24]

ρ₀/(kg·m⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	p_J/GPa	E₀/GPa	A_J/GPa	B_J/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
1180	5122	9.53	3.87	276.2	8.44	5.2	2.1	0.5

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表 3 地应力加载条件

Table 3. In-situ stress loading conditions

λ	Case	p_x/MPa	p_y/MPa	λ	Case	p_x/MPa	p_y/MPa
0	S1	0	10	1	S7	10	10
	S2	0	15		S8	15	15
	S3	0	20		S9	20	20
1/2	S4	5	10	2	S10	10	5
	S5	10	20		S11	20	10
	S6	15	30		S12	30	15

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