切缝药包爆破对邻近充填体的损伤特性分析

朱本柳; 李祥龙; 徐杰; 赵品喆

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251111

切缝药包爆破对邻近充填体的损伤特性分析

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251111

朱本柳^{1, 2,},
李祥龙^{1, 2,*, ,},
徐杰³,
赵品喆^{1, 2}

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院, 云南昆明　650093
2.
云南省教育厅爆破新技术工程研究中心, 云南昆明　650093
3.
中冶集团铜锌有限公司, 北京　100028

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52274083）；云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”（KKXY202421005）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱本柳（1999－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事工程爆破研究. E-mail：benliu0616@163.com

通讯作者:
李祥龙（1981－），男，博士，教授，主要从事工程爆破及岩石破碎研究. E-mail：lxl00014002@163.com

中图分类号: O383; TD235; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-17
- 修回日期: 2025-08-23
- 录用日期: 2025-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-05

Characterization of Damage to Adjacent Backfill by Blasting of Slit Packets

ZHU Benliu^{1, 2
,},
LI Xianglong^{1, 2,*
, ,},
XU Jie³,
ZHAO Pinzhe^{1, 2}

1.
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
2.
Advanced Blasting Technology Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province Education Department, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
3.
MCC Tongsin Resources Ltd., Beijing 100028, China

摘要

摘要: 为精准调控深部矿山切缝药包爆破对采场充填体的损伤效应，聚焦周边孔间距（500、600、700、800 mm）的控损机制，依据弹性波动理论及岩质介质中冲击波的动态传播特性，建立了切缝药包爆破时约束方位应力波在多介质作用下的扩散机制；结合混凝土类脆性材料与充填体损伤演化的强相关性，建立了Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma（RHT）本构模型的跨介质等效标定框架；基于数值模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA，构建了充填体-矿体-切缝药包多介质动态耦合数值模型；通过在充填体-矿体交界处布置观测点，对观测点处的峰值应力变化、爆破振动速度变化以及充填体损伤演化进行了分析。基于金川三矿区邻近充填体的进路回采阶段爆破试验，进行了常规药包、切缝药包以及不同周边孔间距的爆破试验。试验结果表明：切缝药包爆破在未约束方位触发气相射流与应变能汇聚效应，同步抑制约束方位应力和爆破振动速度，实现了对邻近充填体爆破荷载的定向衰减；相较于常规装药，切缝药包使充填体损伤度显著降低36%以上；爆破损伤度与周边孔间距呈负相关，间距增大时，损伤抑制效率提升。
- 充填体本构模型 /
- 切缝药包 /
- 充填体损伤 /
- 约束方位 /
- 分形维数
Abstract: In order to accurately regulate the damage effect of slit pack blasting on the backfill of the quarry in deep mines, this study focuses on the damage control mechanism of the peripheral hole spacing (500, 600, 700, 800 mm). Based on the theory of elastic fluctuation and the dynamic propagation characteristics of shock waves in rocky media, the diffusion mechanism of the stress wave under the action of multi-media in the constrained orientation during slit packet blasting is established. Combined with the strong correlation between brittle concrete materials and the damage evolution of the backfill, the cross-media equivalence calibration framework of the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) intrinsic model is established. Based on the numerical simulation software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, we constructed a multi-media dynamic coupling numerical model of “filling body-mineral body-cutting slit package”, arranged observation points at the junction of filling body-mineral body, and conducted a combined analysis of the peak stress change, the change of the blast vibration velocity, and the damage evolution of the filling body at the observation points. Then, based on the blasting test of the approach and return stage of the neighboring filling body in Jinchuan Three Mining Area, the blasting test of conventional packs, slit packs and different peripheral hole spacing was conducted. The test shows that: slit pack blasting triggers gas-phase jet and strain-energy convergence effects in the unconfined direction, synchronously suppresses the stress and vibration peaks in the confined direction, and achieves directional attenuation of the blasting load on the neighboring filling body; the field test shows that, compared with the conventional charge, the slit pack significantly reduces the degree of damage of the backfill by more than 36%; the degree of blasting damage and the peripheral hole spacing show a negative correlation, and the damage suppression efficiency is improved with the increase of the spacing. The damage suppression efficiency is improved when the spacing increases.
- constitutive model /
- slit pill packs /
- filling body damage /
- constrained orientation /
- fractal dimension

HTML全文

图 1 充填体在切缝药包爆破动载下的应力波透反射示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of transmission and reflection of the stress wave of the backfill under dynamic load of the slit packet blasting

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图 2 充填体破坏面参数拟合结果

Figure 2. Parameter fitting results of backfill failure surface

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图 3 数值模型示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the numerical simulation model

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图 4 数值模拟传感器布设方案

Figure 4. Sensor configuration scheme for the numerical modeling

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图 5 周边孔间距为500 mm的常规药包爆破损伤演化云图

Figure 5. Damage evolution contours of standard charge blasting with 500 mm perimeter hole spacing

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图 6 周边孔间距为500 mm的切缝药包爆破损伤演化云图

Figure 6. Damage evolution contours of slit charge blasting with 500 mm perimeter hole spacing

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图 7 1 000 μs时不同周边孔间距切缝药包爆破的损伤演化云图

Figure 7. Damage evolution contours of slit charge blasting with varied perimeter hole spacings at 1 000 μs

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图 8 常规装药与切缝管装药爆破动力响应对比

Figure 8. Comparative analysis of blast-induced dynamic response between conventional charge and slit-tube charge

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图 9 不同工况下应力峰值与质点峰值速度的对比

Figure 9. Correlation analysis between peak stress and peak particle velocity under various blast loading conditions

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图 10 环向炮孔500 mm阵列（无塞套管）泄爆构型（单位：mm）

Figure 10. Decoupled charge configuration of 500 mm circumferential blast hole array (unstemmed casing) (Unit: mm)

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图 11 监测点云空间拓扑分布

Figure 11. Spatial topology structure of monitoring point cloud

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图 12 不同工况充填体爆破裂纹盒维数演化规律定量表征

Figure 12. Quantitative characterization of box-counting dimension evolution for backfill blast-induced cracks under different working conditions

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图 13 爆炸冲击累积损伤效应随装药结构演化规律

Figure 13. Evolution pattern of blast-induced cumulative damage effects with charge configuration

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表 1 不同围压下充填体的力学特性参数

Table 1. Mechanical property parameters of backfill under different confining stress

δ₂/MPa	δ₃/MPa	δ₁/MPa	$ p_{0}^{*} $	$ \delta _{\mathrm{f}}^{*} $
0	0	1.998	0.330	1.000
2	2	11.996	2.678	5.145
4	4	17.991	4.342	7.223
6	6	23.046	5.881	8.345
8	8	27.651	7.367	9.789

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表 2 充填体的RHT本构模型参数

Table 2. Constitutive model parameters of RHT for backfill

$ {f}_{\rm{c}} $/MPa	$ f_{\rm{t}}^{\ast } $	$ f_{\rm{s}}^{\ast } $	G/MPa	α₀	p_el/MPa	$ {\rho }_{0} $/(g·cm⁻³)
1.987	0.102	0.18	237.86	1.0	1.33	1.572

A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa	A	N	β_c	β_t
4.12	5.03	1.06	2.716	0.655	0.15	0.091

D₁	D₂	$ \dot{\varepsilon }_{0}^{\mathrm{c}} $/s⁻¹	$ \dot{\varepsilon }_{0}^{\mathrm{t}} $/s⁻¹	B₀	T₁	T₂
0.04	1.00	3.0×10⁻⁵	3.0×10⁻⁶	1.22	0.041 2	0

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表 3 2号岩体专用乳化炸药特性

Table 3. Specifications of No.2 rock-suitable emulsion explosives

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Detonation velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	p_C-J/GPa	A_e/GPa	B_e/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
1.24	3 800	7.40	214.4	0.182	4.20	0.90	0.15	4.192

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表 4 切缝装药管结构参数

Table 4. Structural specifications of the slit-tube charge

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Tensile strength/MPa	Impact strength/(kJ·m)	External diameter/mm	Internal diameter/mm
1.38	60	7	36	32

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表 5 矿岩材料物理属性

Table 5. Physical properties of ore-rock materials

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	G/GPa	Compressive strength/ GPa	Tensile strength/ MPa	Shear strength/ MPa	Static modulus of elasticity/MPa
3.06	3.3	0.144	7.18	9.23	15.48

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表 6 空气介质特性参数

Table 6. Characteristic parameters of air medium

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Temperature/K	γ	C₄	C₅	E/Pa	V
1.225×10⁻³	288.20	1.40	0.4	0.4	0.25	1.0

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表 7 环向炮孔500 mm爆破参数（无塞套管）泄流控制清单

Table 7. Flow control checklist for 500 mm circumferential blast holes with unstemmed casing

Blasthole	Borehole number	Number of holes	Rolls of blast holes	Subtotal/kg	Blasthole depth/mm	Ignition order
Trench hole	1–10	10	10	20.0	3.5	Ⅰ
Auxiliary hole	9–28	18	6	21.6	3.1	Ⅱ
Peripheral hole	29–47	19	4	15.2	3.1	Ⅲ
Bottom hole	48–56	9	10	18.0	3.1	Ⅳ
Total		56

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