冲击加载下一种稀土活性材料的力学特性和点火性能

李守佳; 张北辰; 都吉航; 韩禹杭; 赵洪伟; 陈雪芳; 秦帅伟; 陆晓霞; 毕鹏禹

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251106

冲击加载下一种稀土活性材料的力学特性和点火性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251106

李守佳^1,,
张北辰¹,
都吉航^{1, 2},
韩禹杭^{1, 2},
赵洪伟¹,
陈雪芳¹,
秦帅伟¹,
陆晓霞^1,*, ,,
毕鹏禹^1,*, ,

1.
军事科学院防化研究院, 北京 102205
2.
中北大学环境与安全工程学院, 山西太原 030051

详细信息

作者简介:
李守佳（1995－），男，博士研究生，主要从事含能材料制备与表征研究. E-mail：lee19950222@163.com

通讯作者:
陆晓霞（1981－），女，博士，高级工程师，主要从事爆炸冲击动力学和应用流体力学研究. E-mail：lovesciencels@126.com

毕鹏禹（1982－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事高温热毁伤材料的制备及应用研究. E-mail：bipy1982@163.com

中图分类号: O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-06
- 修回日期: 2025-08-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2026-05-05

Mechanical Properties and Ignition Performance of Rare Earth Reactive Materials under Impact Loading

LI Shoujia^1
,,
ZHANG Beichen¹,
DU Jihang^{1, 2},
HAN Yuhang^{1, 2},
ZHAO Hongwei¹,
CHEN Xuefang¹,
QIN Shuaiwei¹,
LU Xiaoxia^{1,*
, ,},
BI Pengyu^{1,*
, ,}

1.
Chemical Defense Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 102205, China
2.
School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 金属铝（Al）作为常用的活性金属之一被广泛应用于活性材料体系中，但Al存在反应活性偏低制约体系能量释放的问题。为此，将铝铈合金引入反应体系中，利用稀土铈的高反应活性的特性强化铝的反应活性。为研究稀土基活性材料在冲击过载下的力学特性和点火性能，开展了Al₂Ce/PTFE、Al/PTFE、Al₂Ce/高氧酸铵（AP）、Al/AP 4种活性材料体系的制备和表征，通过分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统动态加载，测量了4种活性材料体系的动态应力-应变曲线、点火延迟、燃烧持续时间等性能；通过热分析测试，分析了不同含量活性金属对AP的热分解性能的影响。结果表明：4种活性材料存在未燃烧、燃烧和爆燃3种冲击点火形态；Al₂Ce/PTFE和Al/PTFE材料的点火性能较差；Al₂Ce/AP体系的极限强度和临界失效应变较高，且冲击点火形态为爆燃，点火延迟和持续燃烧时间均低于Al/AP体系；Ce元素的引入加速了AP的分解，并使Al₂Ce/AP体系的焓值大幅提高，能量释放更集中。Ce元素可以有效地提高金属铝的反应活性，其高反应活性的特性使活性体系材料的反应进程加速，并显著强化活性材料体系在冲击作用下的能量释放。综上所述，稀土铝合金材料因具有高反应活性优势，对于研制铝基冲击反应材料具有重要意义。
- 稀土基活性材料 /
- 力学特性 /
- 燃烧特性 /
- 热分解 /
- 能量释放 /
- 动态响应
Abstract: Aluminum (Al), a commonly used reactive metals, is widely applied in reactive material systems. However, its relatively low reactivity restricts the energy release of systems. To improve the reactivity of aluminum, we introduced aluminum-cerium Al-Ce alloy containing the highly reactive rare earth element cerium into the system. The present study investigated the mechanical properties and ignition performance of four reactive material systems involving Al₂Ce/PTFE, Al/PTFE, Al₂Ce/ammonium perchlorate (AP), and Al/AP were investigated under shock overload. A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system was used to reveal the dynamic stress-strain behavior, ignition delay, and combustion duration of the prepared samples. Thermal analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the reactive metal content on the thermal decomposition of AP. The results showed there are three distinct shock-induced ignition modes: non-ignition, combustion, and combustion (deflagration). Both Al₂Ce/PTFE and Al/PTFE exhibited substandard ignition performance. The Al₂Ce/AP system demonstrates higher ultimate strength and critical failure strain, achieving deflagration upon impact with significantly shorter ignition delay and combustion duration compared to Al/AP. The incorporation of the cerium accelerates AP decomposition and substantially increased the enthalpy of the Al₂Ce/AP system, resulting in more concentrated energy release. Ce effectively enhances the reactivity of aluminum, and its high reactivity accelerates the reaction kinetics of the reactive system. Furthermore, it significantly intensifies energy release under impact loading. In conclusion, the rare earth aluminum alloy materials exhibit a high reactivity, which demonstrates significant potential for the development of aluminum-based impact reaction materials.
- rare earth-based reactive materials /
- mechanical properties /
- combustion characteristics /
- thermal decomposition /
- energy release /
- dynamic response

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图 1 Al₂Ce/AP（5∶5）/5%FKM材料的SEM图像

Figure 1. SEM images of Al₂Ce/AP (5∶5)/5%FKM

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图 2 SHPB实验系统示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the SHPB experimental system

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图 3 Al/AP体系在9.20 m/s (a)和21.51 m/s (b)冲击速度下的应变片测量信号及瞬时快照

Figure 3. Test signals and snapshots of the Al/AP system at impact velocities of 9.20 m/s (a) and 21.51 m/s (b)

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图 4 3种典型的冲击点火形态(a)和工程应力-时间曲线(b)

Figure 4. Three typical impact ignition modes (a) and the engineering stress-time curves (b)

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图 5 4种体系的冲击点火工况统计

Figure 5. Impact ignition performance statistics of four systems

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图 6 不同配方体系的应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of different formulation systems

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图 7 不同质量比的Al₂Ce/AP的应力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of Al₂Ce/AP with varying mass ratios

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图 8 不同含量金属/AP/5%氟橡胶体系的DSC曲线

Figure 8. DSC curves of the metal/AP/5%FKM systems with varying metal contents

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图 9 Al/AP体系和Al₂Ce/AP体系中不同金属质量分数与不同燃烧性能的关系

Figure 9. Correlation diagram between metal mass fraction and combustion performance in Al/AP and Al₂Ce/AP systems

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表 1 4种活性材料的不同体系实验样品参数

Table 1. Parameter for experimental samples of four reactive materials under different systems

Number	Formulation	Mass ratio	FKM mass fraction/%	Thickness/mm	Diameter/mm
1–4	Al/PTFE	6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 9∶1		4.4 ± 0.2	10.14 ± 0.02
5–9	Al₂Ce/PTFE	5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 9∶1		3.6 ± 0.2	10.14 ± 0.02
10–34	Al₂Ce/AP	5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 9∶1	3, 5, 7, 9, 11	4.2 ± 0.2	10.16 ± 0.02
35–59	Al/AP	5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 9∶1	3, 5, 7, 9, 11	4.2 ± 0.2	10.16 ± 0.02

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表 2 活性金属的基本情况

Table 2. Basic information on the reactive metals

Reactive metal	Mass fraction of Al/%	Crystalline phase	Particle size/μm
Atomized aluminum powder	100	Al	10−20
Al-Ce alloy	30	Al₂Ce	75−150

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表 3 实验中的主要试剂

Table 3. Main reagents for the experiment

Reagent name	Purity	Source
NH₄ClO₄	Industrial grade	Beifang Xing’an Chemical Co., Ltd.
Polytetrafluoroethylene	Analytical grade	Aladdin
Fluor rubber	Industrial grade	Zhonghao Chenguang Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Petroleum ether	Analytical grade	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Ethyl acetate	Analytical grade	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

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表 4 Al/AP（7%氟橡胶）、Al/PTFE、Al₂Ce/AP（5%氟橡胶）和Al₂Ce/PTFE体系的强度和临界失效应变

Table 4. Strength and critical failure strain of the Al/AP with 7% FKM, Al/PTFE system, Al₂Ce/AP with 5% FKM, and Al₂Ce/PTFE system

Material	Mass ratio	Yield strength/MPa	Ultimate strength/MPa	Critical failure strain
Al/AP system with 7% FKM	7∶3	52.82	25.74	0.05
	8∶2	51.56	26.08	0.05
	9∶1	63.91	30.66	0.05
Al/PTFE system	7∶3	24.68	97.39	0.29
	8∶2	31.36	114.53	0.30
	9∶1	57.30	191.00	0.30
Al₂Ce/AP system with 5% FKM	5∶5	53.27
	7∶3	58.27	61.91	0.24
	9∶1	63.56	212.32	0.25
Al₂Ce/PTFE system	5∶5	13.31	132.98	0.33
	7∶3	16.93	318.90	0.36
	9∶1	56.44	612.35	0.32

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