一种新型聚能战斗部对含水复合结构的毁伤

崔贺; 付建平; 任凯; 苗春壮; 高小涛; 李涛涛; 冯雄波

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251102

一种新型聚能战斗部对含水复合结构的毁伤

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251102

崔贺^{1, 2,},
付建平^2,*, ,,
任凯²,
苗春壮³,
高小涛³,
李涛涛⁴,
冯雄波⁴

1.
中北大学机电工程学院, 山西太原　030051
2.
中北大学地下目标毁伤技术国防重点学科实验室, 山西太原　030051
3.
晋西工业集团有限责任公司, 山西太原　030027
4.
山西江阳化工有限公司, 山西太原　030041

详细信息

作者简介:
崔　贺（1998－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事战斗部高效毁伤技术研究. E-mail：Ls522731023@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
付建平（1987－），男，博士，教授，主要从事弹箭控制与高效毁伤技术研究. E-mail：jianping_fu@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-30
- 修回日期: 2025-07-02
- 录用日期: 2025-12-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-05

Damage of a New Shaped Warhead to Water-Containing Composite Structure

CUI He^{1, 2
,},
FU Jianping^{2,*
, ,},
REN Kai²,
MIAO Chunzhuang³,
GAO Xiaotao³,
LI Taotao⁴,
FENG Xiongbo⁴

1.
School of Mechatronics Engineering , North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
National Defense Key Discipline Lab of Underground Target Damage Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
3.
Jinxi Industries Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030027, Shanxi, China
4.
Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030041, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为提高聚能战斗部对含水复合结构的侵彻能力，设计了一种截锥-球缺组合罩，并通过数值模拟探究了其在水介质中的射流成型运动规律和对含水复合结构的毁伤性能。研究发现：在侵彻含水复合结构的过程中，相比于亚半球-球缺组合罩和U形-球缺组合罩，截锥-球缺组合罩形成的射流长度更大，射流头部速度更高，在水介质中形成的空腔通道、水介质径向扩展速度均最小，击穿后效靶板后的射流剩余动能以及射流剩余速度最大。利用数值模拟技术探究了截锥-球缺组合罩中截锥罩的锥角、高度、侧壁壁厚、顶壁壁厚等结构参数对射流形态及侵彻性能的影响，并对其进行了正交优化试验设计，结果表明：结构参数对射流侵彻性能的影响由大到小依次为截锥罩的锥角、高度、侧壁壁厚、顶壁壁厚；当锥角为26°、高度为22 mm、侧壁壁厚为4.0 mm、顶壁壁厚为3.2 mm时，截锥-球缺组合罩的侵彻性能较优，穿透后效靶板时的射流剩余动能为136.2 kJ。该研究对聚能型鱼雷战斗部的设计以及提高鱼雷战斗部毁伤威力具有一定的参考价值。
- 聚能装药 /
- 水下侵彻 /
- 组合药型罩 /
- 含水复合结构
Abstract: In order to improve the penetration capability of the shaped charge warhead to the water-containing composite structure, a truncated cone-sphere combined liner was designed, and its jet forming motion law in the water medium and the damage performance to the water-containing composite structure were explored by numerical simulation. It is found that in the process of penetrating the water-containing composite structure, the truncated cone-sphere combined liner has a larger jet length and a higher jet head velocity compared with the sub-hemisphere-sphere combined liner and the U-shaped-sphere combined liner. It also has the smallest cavity channel formed in the water medium and the radial expansion velocity of the water medium and the largest residual kinetic energy and jet velocity after the penetrated target plate. The influence of structural parameters such as cone angle α, height h, side wall thickness a₁ and top wall thickness a₂ on the jet shape and penetration performance of the truncated cone-spherical combined liner was investigated by simulation, and a orthogonal optimization test was designed. It is found that the influence of these structural parameters on the jet penetration performance decreases in the order of: the cone angle α, height h, side wall thickness a₁, and top wall thickness a₂. When α=26°, h=22 mm, a₁=4.0 mm, and a₂=3.2 mm, the penetration performance of the truncated cone-sphere combined liner is superior, and the residual kinetic energy of the jet in penetrating the aftereffect target is 136.2 kJ. This study provides a valuable reference for the design of shaped torpedo warhead and the improvement of torpedo warhead damage power.
- shaped charge /
- underwater penetration /
- combined liner /
- water-containing composite structure

HTML全文

图 1 3种组合药型罩的结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of three kinds of combined liners structure

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图 2 截锥-球缺组合罩侵彻含水复合结构的数值仿真有限元模型

Figure 2. Numerical simulation finite element model of truncated cone-spherical combined liner penetrating water-containing composite structure

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图 3 射流成型示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of jet forming

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图 4 射流速度随轴线位置的变化

Figure 4. Variation of jet velocity with axial position

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图 5 截锥-球缺组合罩侵彻过程

Figure 5. Penetration process of the truncated cone-spherical combined liner

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图 6 空腔形态对比

Figure 6. Comparison of cavity morphology

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图 7 观测点处水介质径向扩展速度

Figure 7. Radial expansion velocity of the water medium at observation points

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图 8 药型罩结构示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of liner structure

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图 9 射流头部速度和射流长度随截锥罩锥角的变化曲线

Figure 9. Variation curves of jet head velocity and jet length with the cone angle of truncated cone cover

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图 10 射流剩余动能随截锥罩锥角的变化曲线

Figure 10. Variation curve of jet residual kinetic energy with the cone angle of truncated cone cover

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图 11 射流头部速度和射流长度随截锥罩高度的变化曲线

Figure 11. Variation curves of jet head velocity and jet length with the height of the truncated cone cover

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图 12 射流剩余动能随截锥罩高度的变化曲线

Figure 12. Variation curve of jet residual kinetic energy with the height of the truncated cone cover

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图 13 射流头部速度和射流长度随截锥罩侧壁壁厚的变化曲线

Figure 13. Variation curves of jet head velocity and jet length with the side wall thickness of the truncated cone cover

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图 14 射流剩余动能随截锥罩侧壁壁厚的变化曲线

Figure 14. Variation curve of jet residual kinetic energy with the side wall thickness of the truncated cone cover

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图 15 射流头部速度和射流长度随截锥罩顶壁壁厚的变化曲线

Figure 15. Variation curves of jet head velocity and jet length with the top wall thickness of the truncated cone cover

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图 16 射流剩余动能随截锥罩顶壁壁厚的变化曲线

Figure 16. Variation curve of jet residual kinetic energy with the top wall thickness of the truncated cone cover

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表 1 8701炸药材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of 8701 explosive

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E/GPa
1.717	8700	29.6	854.5	20.493	4.6	1.35	0.25	8.5

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表 2 金属材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of metal

Material	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	A₀/MPa	B₀/MPa	C	T_r/K	T_m/K	m	n
Al	2.797	265	426	0.015	300	775	1.00	0.34
45 steel	7.830	350	300	0.014	294	1760	0.26	1.03
Copper	8.960	90	292	0.025	293	1236	1.09	0.31

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表 3 空气材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of air

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	C₀/(km·s⁻¹)	S₁	S₂	S₃	ω_m	E_a/MPa	V₀
1.25×10⁻³	3.440	0	0	0	1.4	0.25	0

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表 4 水介质材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters of water

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	C₀/(km·s⁻¹)	S₁	S₂	S₃	a	E_w/MPa	V₀
1.02	1.510	1.92	−0.096	0	0	0	0

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表 5 试验与模拟结果的对比

Table 5. Comparison of test and simulation results

Target	Perforation diameter/mm		Deviation/%
Target	Test	Simulation	Deviation/%
First layer	50	47.8	4.4
Second layer	37	37.8	2.1
Third layer	40	42.3	5.7
Fourth layer	41	43.1	5.1
After-effect target	49	48.3	1.4

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表 6 靶板穿孔的对比

Table 6. Comparison of perforations of target plates

First floor	Second floor	Third floor	Fourth floor	After-effect target

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表 7 空腔通道面积的对比

Table 7. Comparison of the cavity channel area

Type of liner	Cavity channel area/cm²	Proportion of aqueous media/%
Sub-hemispherical-spherical combined liner	147.12	34.2
U-shaped-spherical combined liner	113.60	26.4
Truncated cone-spherical combined liner	100.90	23.4

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表 8 射流剩余动能和射流剩余速度

Table 8. Residual kinetic energy and residual velocity of the jet

Type of liner	Residual kinetic energy/kJ	Residual velocity/(m·s⁻¹)
Sub-hemispherical-spherical combined liner	53.5	972
U-shaped-spherical combined liner	77.4	1 389
Truncated cone-spherical combined liner	98.2	1 752

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表 9 各个因素水平

Table 9. Level settings of the factors

Level	Factor
Level	α/(°)	h/mm	a₁/mm	a₂/mm
1	18	14	3.2	2.0
2	22	18	3.6	2.4
3	26	22	4.0	2.8
4	30	26	4.4	3.2

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表 10 正交优化方案

Table 10. Orthogonal optimization schemes

Scheme	α/(°)	h/mm	a₁/mm	a₂/mm	E_k/kJ
1	18	14	3.2	2.0	82.1
2	18	18	3.6	2.4	87.8
3	18	22	4.0	2.8	98.9
4	18	26	4.4	3.2	93.4
5	22	14	3.6	2.8	107.1
6	22	18	3.2	3.2	109.3
7	22	22	4.4	2.0	113.1
8	22	26	4.0	2.4	109.8
9	26	14	4.0	3.2	120.6
10	26	18	4.4	2.8	124.2
11	26	22	3.2	2.4	131.5
12	26	26	3.6	2.0	126.1
13	30	14	4.4	2.4	97.3
14	30	18	4.0	2.0	100.7
15	30	22	3.6	3.2	103.3
16	30	26	3.2	2.8	93.7

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表 11 极差分析

Table 11. Range analysis

Factor	E_k/kJ				R
Factor	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄	R
α	90.55	109.83	125.60	98.75	35.05
h	101.77	105.50	111.70	105.75	9.93
a₁	104.15	106.08	107.50	107.00	3.35
a₂	105.50	106.60	105.97	106.65	1.15

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