冲击加载下分子流体/窗口界面“冲击冷却”的物理机制

李柯苇; AKRAMMuhammad Sabeeh; 杨雷; 袁文硕; 刘福生

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251092

冲击加载下分子流体/窗口界面“冲击冷却”的物理机制

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251092

西南交通大学物理科学与技术学院, 高温高压物理研究所, 四川成都　610031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12072299）；冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室基金（JCKYS2019212007）

详细信息

作者简介:
李柯苇（1999－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击高压下的分子流体研究. E-mail：1943216554@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘福生（1966－），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事动高压凝聚态物理与原子分子物理研究. E-mail：fusheng_l@163.com

中图分类号: O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-18
- 修回日期: 2025-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-15
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-05

Physical Mechanisms of “Shock Cooling” at the Molecular Fluid/Window Interface under Shock Loading

Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 分子流体/窗口“冲击冷却”的物理机制是困扰冲击波物理学界多年的科学问题。对冲击界面冷却效应的物理解释有3种不同观点：分子流体/窗口之间的热平衡、熔融态光学窗口的消光效应和分子流体的冲击响应特性。为此，对比研究了化学活性流体CHBr₃及惰性液态氩（LAr）与LiF光学窗口界面的冲击辐射行为和辐射温度变化特征。在相同的冲击压强下，2种介质的界面辐射特性呈现出不同的演变特征，可以认为，界面冷却效应与流体介质及其化学活性密切相关。观测结果表明，界面冷却效应由流体自身冲击响应所致，与热传导机制和窗口熔化消光机制无关。
- 分子流体 /
- 冲击加载 /
- 辐射测温 /
- 冲击致冷 /
- 三溴甲烷 /
- 液氩
Abstract: The physical mechanism of “shock cooling” at the molecular fluid/window interface has troubled the shock wave physics community for many years and remains unsolved. There are three distinct viewpoints for explaining the cooling effect at the shock interface: thermal equilibrium between the molecular fluid and the window, extinction effect of the molten optical window, and specific shock response of the molecular fluid. This paper comparatively investigates the shock radiation and temperature variation characteristics of the interfaces between the chemically active fluid CHBr₃/the inert liquid argon (LAr) and the LiF optical window. Under the same shock pressure, the interface radiation exhibits distinct evolution features for the two liquids, indicating that the interface cooling effect is closely related to the fluid medium and its chemical activity. Therefore, the experimental results of this paper strongly support that the interface cooling effect is caused by the shock response of the fluid itself, rather than heat conduction or window melting extinction.
- molecular fluid /
- shock loading /
- radiation thermometry /
- shock cooling /
- bromoform /
- liquid argon

HTML全文

图 1 冲击实验方案示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of impact experiment

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图 2 实验1的光辐亮度(a)和温度(b)历史曲线

Figure 2. Radiance (a) and temperature (b) historical curves for experiment 1

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图 3 实验2的光辐亮度(a)和温度(b)历史曲线

Figure 3. Radiance (a) and temperature (b) historical curves for experiment 2

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图 4 实验1的灰体拟合曲线

Figure 4. Gray body fitting curves for experiment 1

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图 5 实验2的灰体拟合曲线

Figure 5. Gray body fitting curves for experiment 2

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图 6 实验3的光辐亮度(a)和温度(b)历史曲线

Figure 6. Radiance (a) and temperature (b) historical curves for experiment 3

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图 7 实验4的光辐亮度(a)和温度(b)历史曲线

Figure 7. Radiance (a) and temperature (b) historical curves for experiment 4

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图 8 LiF相图

Figure 8. Phase diagram of LiF

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表 1 实验参数

Table 1. Experimental parameters

Experiment No.	Flyer material	Flyer velocity/ (km·s^–1)	Substrate material	Liquid material	Liquid pressure/GPa	Window material	Window pressure/GPa
1	Ta	2.92	Al	LAr	26	LiF	38
2	Cu	3.08	Al	CHBr₃	32	LiF	41
3	Ta	3.87	Al	LAr	41	LiF	69
4	Cu	4.37	Cu	CHBr₃	55	LiF	68

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表 2 冲击波在液体材料和窗口中的观测温度

Table 2. Observed temperature of liquid material and window under shock loading

Experiment No.	Liquid temperature/K	Window temperature/K
1	5 700±90	7 700±175
2	3 600±80	3 150±150
3	14 000±70	12 700±100
4	6 350±70	5 300±80

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