高速颗粒群冲击多层夹芯复合结构的动态力学响应特性研究进展

郑伟; 王坤玄; 王等旺; 黎俊; 高玉波

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251059

高速颗粒群冲击多层夹芯复合结构的动态力学响应特性研究进展

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251059

郑伟^1,,
王坤玄²,
王等旺³,
黎俊⁴,
高玉波^2,*, ,

1.
北京宇航系统工程研究所, 北京　100076
2.
中北大学航空宇航学院, 山西太原　030051
3.
西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室, 陕西西安　710024
4.
哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨　150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12172337，11702257）；山西省应用基础研究项目（20210302123022）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑　伟（1987－），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事飞行器总体设计研究. E-mail：shenwulbt@163.com

通讯作者:
高玉波（1986－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：gaoyb@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.1; O521.9; TB34
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-24
- 修回日期: 2025-04-15
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-05

Research Progress on Dynamic Mechanical Response Characteristics of High-Velocity Particle Flow Impacting Multilayer Sandwich Composite Structures

ZHENG Wei^1
,,
WANG Kunxuan²,
WANG Dengwang³,
LI Jun⁴,
GAO Yubo^{2,*
, ,}

1.
Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China
2.
School of Aerospace Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China
4.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China

摘要

摘要: 多层夹芯复合结构在抗冲击防护领域具有重要应用，尤其在应对爆炸破片颗粒群冲击中展现出优越的防护性能。在分析单层材料抗冲击性能及失效机制的基础上，综述了单颗粒和多颗粒冲击下复合结构的动态力学响应特性研究进展，结果表明：金属材料主要出现塑性变形、裂纹扩展及局部热软化等特征；陶瓷依靠其高硬度和脆性破坏可迅速分散冲击能量；纤维增强复合材料则利用连续纤维网络实现多级能量耗散。针对多层夹芯复合结构，颗粒高速冲击靶板会出现局部应力波传播、微裂纹产生和界面分层等现象，结构的抗冲击机理复杂。当前研究主要聚焦于结构在单次冲击下的抗冲击性能，多颗粒冲击下的防护机理仍不明确，且研究手段相对单一。其中，实验研究方法主要采用改装分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar，SHPB）等装置实现颗粒群的高速加载，但二次冲击和速度极限问题仍未得到有效解决。数值模拟方面，SPH-FEM（smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method）耦合方法是目前颗粒群冲击研究的主流方法，但其模型准确性问题仍需进一步研究。
- 多层夹芯复合结构 /
- 高速颗粒群 /
- 应力波 /
- 吸能机制 /
- 损伤演化
Abstract: Multilayer sandwich composite structures have significant applications in impact protection. In particular, they demonstrate superior protective performance when subjected to impacts from explosive fragment particle clusters. Based on an analysis of the impact resistance and failure mechanisms of single-layer materials, this paper reviews the research progress regarding the dynamic mechanical response characteristics of composite structures under both single-particle and multi-particle impacts. The results indicate that metallic materials predominantly exhibit features such as plastic deformation, crack propagation, and localized thermal softening. By contrast, ceramics rapidly disperse impact energy due to their high hardness and propensity for brittle fracture. Meanwhile, fiber-reinforced composites achieve hierarchical energy dissipation through their continuous fiber network. Studies on multilayer sandwich structures show that high-speed particle impacts on the target plate have been found to induce phenomena such as localized stress wave propagation, micro-crack formation, and interfacial delamination. The mechanisms underlying impact resistance in these structures are complex. However, current research primarily focuses on the impact resistance of structures under single-impact conditions. The protective mechanisms under multi-particle impacts remain unclear, and the employed research methods are relatively limited. Experimentally, approaches such as the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus are predominantly utilized to achieve high-speed loading of particle clusters. Nevertheless, issues regarding secondary impacts and velocity limitations in these experiments have yet to be effectively resolved. In numerical simulations, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method (SPH-FEM) coupling approach remains the mainstream method for investigating particle cluster impacts. However, concerns regarding the accuracy of these models still warrant further investigation.
- multilayer sandwich composite structure /
- high-speed particle flow /
- stress waves /
- energy absorption mechanism /
- damage evolution

HTML全文

图 1 金属材料抗冲击性能及其机理^[18]

Figure 1. Penetration resistance of metal materials and its mechanism^[18]

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图 2 陶瓷抗冲击损伤示意图^[28]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of ceramic damage in numerical simulation^[28]

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图 3 碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的层间性能^[37]

Figure 3. Interlayer properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites^[37]

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图 4 各类夹芯结构示意图^[42]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of various sandwich structures^[42]

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图 5 不同结构的蜂窝结构^[42]

Figure 5. Honeycomb structure with different structures^[42]

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图 6 各类夹芯结构梁的变形与承载能力研究^[57]：(a)完全固支的非对称细长夹层梁受重物横向冲击示意图；(b)梯度夹层梁装配示意图；(c)波纹夹层梁斜向冲击示意图；(d) 简支波纹芯夹层梁落锤冲击实验装置示意图；(e)用于夹层梁分析的几何模型及边界条件；(f) 波纹夹层梁在不同冲击角度下的最终数值变形模式（单位：mm）

Figure 6. Research on the deformation and bearing capacity of various types of sandwich structural beams^[57]: (a) sketch of a fully clamped asymmetric slender sandwich beam transversely struck by a heavy mass; (b) schematic diagram of the assembly of graded sandwich beams; (c) schematic diagram of the oblique impact of corrugated sandwich beam; (d) sketch of the experimental setup of drop-weight test for simply-supported corrugated core sandwich beam; (e) geometry and boundary conditions used for the analysis of sandwich beams; (f) final numerical deformation modes of corrugated sandwich beams under different impact angles (Unit: mm)

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图 7 多次冲击下靶板能量吸收情况(a)和冲击力变化(b)^[69]

Figure 7. Energy absorption (a) and impact force change (b) of the target plate under multiple impacts^[69]

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图 8 颗粒群冲击实验示意图^[79]

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of particle swarm impact experiment^[79]

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图 9 颗粒冲击高速摄像图像^[79]

Figure 9. High-speed camera images of particle impact^[79]

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图 10 颗粒群冲击实验及测速装置示意图^[80]

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the particle swarm impact experiment with velocity measuring device^[80]

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图 11 恢复系数随入射速度变化曲线^[81]

Figure 11. Curves of velocity recovery coefficient changing with incident velocity^[81]

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图 12 多颗粒冲击的损伤特征：(a) 剪切微裂纹处，(b) 明显裂纹处，(c) 剥落处^[79]

Figure 12. Shear microcracks (a), obvious cracks (b) and peeled-off areas (c) damage characterization after multiparticle impacts^[79]

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图 13 颗粒群正向冲击数值模拟结果：(a) 变形历程，(b) 变形细节^[82]

Figure 13. Numerical simulation results of forward impact of particle swarms: (a) deformation process; (b) deformation detail^[82]

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图 14 颗粒群45°冲击数值模拟结果：(a) 变形历程，(b) 变形细节^[82]

Figure 14. Numerical simulation results of 45° impact of particle swarm: (a) deformation process; (b) deformation detail^[82]

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图 15 (a)入射颗粒群分布示意图，(b)入射颗粒群分布俯视图^[85]

Figure 15. (a) Schematic diagram of the distribution of the incident particle population; (b) top view of the distribution of the incident particle population^[85]

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