Tape Casting Preparation and Quasi-Isentropic Loading Properties of Al-Cu Periodic Laminated Gradient Materials
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摘要: 周期叠层梯度材料具有独立可控的波阻抗分布和极少的物相反应，已被用于实现准等熵加载。然而，由于制备技术的局限性，目前制备的周期叠层梯度材料的波系作用时间只有纳秒量级，难以获得更高量级的加载时间。为此，系统探究了流延技术，成功通过流延法结合低温致密化技术制备出大尺寸Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料。通过微观结构表征和动态加载实验，验证了其质量和准等熵加载特性。结果表明：材料梯度结构明显，层间平行度高，层界面结合良好，无裂纹缺陷，且无金属间化合物生成；材料致密度达95.8%，整体变形量小于15 μm。Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料以510.6 m/s的驱动速度加载6 μm厚Al靶时，加载波形振荡上升，加载时间接近1 μs。通过对实验材料Al/Cu周期层厚和Cu层波阻抗进行修正，设计模拟结果与实验曲线在加载趋势上吻合较好，表现出良好的准等熵加载特性。研究结果可为周期叠层梯度材料制备技术提供理论依据和技术支持。Abstract: Periodic laminated gradient materials with independently controllable wave impedance distributions and minimal physical phase reactions are now being used for quasi-isentropic loading. However, the wave system action time of the currently periodic laminated gradient materials are on the order of nanoseconds due to limitations in preparation technology, which makes it difficult to achieve loading times of significantly larger magnitudes. In this study, the tape casting process was systematically investigated, and large-size Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials were successfully prepared using a combined technique of tape casting and low-temperature densification. The quality and quasi-isentropic loading properties were verified through microstructural characterization and dynamic loading experiments. The results show that the gradient structure of the material is well-defined, the interlayer parallelism is high, the layer interface is well bonded, and that no crack defects or intermetallic compounds generated. The material exhibits a densification of 95.8% and a total deformation less than 15 μm. When the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient material was loaded with a 6 μm-thick Al target at a driving speed of 510.6 m/s, the loading waveform oscillated and increased with a loading time approaching 1 μs. The loading trends of simulation results agree well with the experimental curves through correcting Al/Cu periodic layer thickness and Cu layer wave impedance. The materials demonstrate excellent quasi-isentropic loading characteristics. This study provides theoretical basis, technical support and new preparation techniques for the application of periodic laminated gradient materials.
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图 1 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料：(a) 梯度结构示意图，(b) Al-Cu复合层中Al层和Cu层的厚度占比，(c) 波阻抗随位置的变化曲线
Figure 1. Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials: (a) schematic diagram of the gradient structure; (b) the thickness ratios of Al and Cu layer in the Al-Cu composite layer; (c) distribution of wave impedance with position
图 2 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料制备流程
Figure 2. Flow chart of material preparation of Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
图 3 (a) 基于轻气炮的飞片冲击实验装置示意图，(b) 冲击实验侧视图（直径为16 mm的GDI冲击直径为18 mm的6 μm厚铝靶和6 mm厚LiF窗口）
Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of flyer plate impact experiments using a light-gas gun; (b) side view of an impact experiment in which the GDI with a diameter of 16 mm impacts a 6 μm-thick Al target and 6 mm-thick LiF window, both with a diameter of 18 mm
图 4 原始粉体的SEM图像和粒径尺寸分布
Figure 4. SEM images and particle size distribution of the pristine powders
图 5 不同固含量的Al和Cu流延浆料黏度随剪切速率的变化曲线
Figure 5. Viscosity-shear rate curves of Al and Cu cast paste with different solid contents
图 6 黏结剂含量对流延素片的作用示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the effect of binder content on the fluid vein sheet
图 7 不同黏结剂含量的Al和Cu流延浆料黏度随剪切速率的变化曲线
Figure 7. Viscosity-shear rate curves of Al and Cu cast paste with different binder contents
图 8 纯Cu和纯Al流延素片的表征：(a)～(d) Cu素片的宏观形貌、微观形貌、加工形貌、厚度，(e)～(h) Al素片的宏观形貌、微观形貌、加工形貌、厚度
Figure 8. Characterization of the pure Cu and pure Al cast vein sheets: (a)−(d) macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology, processed morphology and thickness of Cu cast vein sheet; (e)−(h) macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology, processed morphology and thickness of Al cast vein sheet
图 9 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的微观结构
Figure 9. Microstructures of Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient material
图 10 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的XRD谱
Figure 10. XRD pattern of the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
图 11 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料层间界面的TEM图像
Figure 11. TEM images of the interlayer interface of Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
图 12 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的平面度
Figure 12. Planarity of the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
图 13 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料撞击6 μm厚Al靶的加载结果
Figure 13. Loading results of Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient material impacting Al target with a thickness of 6 μm
图 14 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的波传播示意图
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of wave propagation in the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
图 15 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的OM图像(a)以及实验层厚与设计厚度的偏差(b)
Figure 15. OM plots (a) and experimental thickness and thickness deviation plots (b) of the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
图 16 经厚度修正后Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的粒子速度曲线
Figure 16. Particle velocity curves for the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient material after thickness correction
图 17 经波阻抗修正后Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料的粒子速度曲线
Figure 17. Particle velocity curves for the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient material after wave impedance correction
表 1 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料层间界面的能谱点分析数据
Table 1. Energy spectral point analysis data for the interlayer interface of the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient materials
Point Atom fraction/% Al Cu C O 1 0 95.75 1.22 3.02 2 8.06 88.51 3.43 0 3 0 94.45 2.73 2.82 4 95.64 0 3.03 1.33 5 7.28 92.72 0 0 
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表 2 Al-Cu周期叠层梯度材料不同物相的物性参数
Table 2. Physical parameters of different physical phases of the Al-Cu periodic laminated gradient material
Phase Density/(g·cm−3) Sound velocity/(km·s−1) Wave impedance/(g·cm−2·μs−1) C 2.203 4.45 9.80 Al 2.712 5.33 14.45 Cu 8.924 3.91 34.89
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