侧向爆炸载荷下夹芯管的响应特性及吸能机理

杨巧; 张天辉; 刘志芳; 雷建银; 李世强

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251017

侧向爆炸载荷下夹芯管的响应特性及吸能机理

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251017

太原理工大学航空航天学院应用力学研究所, 山西太原　030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12272254，12372363）；山西省自然科学基金（202203021211170）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　巧（1998－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事结构冲击动力学研究. E-mail：2228440909@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘志芳（1971－），女，博士，教授，主要从事结构冲击动力学研究. E-mail：liuzhifang@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-22
- 修回日期: 2025-03-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-12

Response Characteristics and Deformation Mechanism of Sandwich Tubes under Lateral Explosive Loads

Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 结合实验与数值模拟，系统地分析了泡沫铝夹芯管在侧向爆炸载荷下的动态响应和能量吸收性能。通过弹道摆锤系统，开展了一系列侧向爆炸实验，分析了结构的几何参数、泡沫铝的相对密度以及炸药质量对泡沫铝夹芯管变形模态和抗爆性能的影响，获得了泡沫铝夹芯管在爆炸载荷作用下的最终变形模态和挠度。基于实验结果，通过数值模拟进一步比较了泡沫铝夹芯管和空心圆管夹芯管的抗爆性能，对空心圆管夹芯管在梯度与非梯度设计下的表现进行了对比分析。结果显示：在相同条件下，空心圆管夹芯管的最终变形均大于泡沫铝夹芯管，但两者之间的差异并不显著。在梯度空心圆管夹芯管结构中，最外层壁厚最大、中间层最薄的梯度配置在提升抗爆性能方面具有最佳的效果。此外，梯度空心圆管夹芯管的抗爆性能明显优于非梯度结构。
- 爆炸载荷 /
- 夹芯管 /
- 变形模态 /
- 能量吸收 /
- 抗爆性能
Abstract: The dynamic response and energy absorption performance of foam aluminum sandwich tubes under lateral explosive loads were systematically investigated using a combination of experimental research and numerical simulation. A series of lateral explosion experiments were conducted using a ballistic pendulum system to analyze the effects of structural geometric parameters, foam aluminum density, and the explosive mass on the deformation mode and blast resistance performance. Based on the experimental results, numerical simulations were performed to further compare the blast resistance performance of foam aluminum sandwich tubes and circular tube core sandwich tubes, comparing gradient and non-gradient designs of circular tube core sandwich tubes. The results show that, the final deformation of circular tube core sandwich tubes is greater than that of foam aluminum sandwich tubes, although the difference is not significant. Among the gradient circular tube core sandwich tubes, the configuration with the largest outer wall thickness and the thinnest middle layer exhibits the best improvement in blast resistance performance. Furthermore, the blast resistance performance of gradient circular tube core sandwich tubes is significantly superior to that of non-gradient structures.
- explosive loads /
- sandwich tubes /
- deformation modes /
- energy absorption /
- blast resistance performance

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图 1 弹道冲击摆锤系统实验装置

Figure 1. Experimental set-up of ballistic pendulum system

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图 2 泡沫铝夹芯管变形模态

Figure 2. Deformation modes for the aluminum foam sandwich tubes

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图 3 泡沫铝夹芯管有限元模型

Figure 3. Finite element model of aluminum foam sandwich tube

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图 4 网格收敛性分析

Figure 4. Mesh convergence analysis

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图 5 实验与数值模拟得到的最终模态对比

Figure 5. Comparison of deformation modes between experiments and simulations

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图 6 实验与数值模拟得到的最终挠度对比

Figure 6. Comparison of midpoint deflections between experiments and simulations

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图 7 泡沫铝夹芯管的典型变形模态（Exp. 3）

Figure 7. Typical deformation modes of the aluminum foam sandwich tube (Exp. 3)

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图 8 空心圆管夹芯管有限元模型

Figure 8. Finite element model of the sandwich tube with circular tube cores

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图 9 空心圆管芯层典型阶段的变形模态

Figure 9. Typical deformation stages of the circular tube core

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图 10 内外管中点挠度

Figure 10. Midpoint deflection of inner and outer tubes

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图 11 抗爆性能评估

Figure 11. Evaluation of blast resistance

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表 1 材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters

Material	Density/(kg·m⁻³)	Young’s modulus/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Yield stress/MPa	Tangent modulus/MPa
Stainless steel	7830	193	0.25	205	787.5
Foam core/ circular tube core	2700	70	0.30	80	700.0

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表 2 泡沫铝夹芯管的几何参数和实验结果

Table 2. Geometric parameters and experimental results for the aluminum foam sandwich tubes

Exp. No.	R₁/mm	h₁/mm	R₂/mm	h₂/mm	w/g	ρ	U₁/mm	U₂/mm
1	50.5	1.5	31.5	0.6	60	0.10	37.7	28.4
2	50.5	1.5	31.5	1.2	50	0.15	24.1	14.6
3	50.5	1.5	31.5	0.6	50	0.15	25.0	14.2
4	50.5	1.5	31.5	0.6	60	0.15	33.9	23.1
5	50.5	1.5	25.5	0.6	50	0.15	23.4	12.9
6	50.5	1.0	31.5	0.6	50	0.15	33.6	21.8

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表 3 实验冲量与理论冲量的对比

Table 3. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical impulse

Exp. No.	I_E/(N·s)	I/(N·s)	Error/%	Exp. No.	I_E/(N·s)	I/(N·s)	Error/%
1	6.08	6.17	1.48	4	5.20	6.17	18.70
2	5.23	5.68	8.60	5	5.24	5.68	8.40
3	5.19	5.68	9.40	6		5.68

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表 4 中点挠度的误差

Table 4. Errors of the midpoint deflection

Exp. No.	U₁			U₂
Exp. No.	Exp./mm	Sim./mm	Error/%	Exp./mm	Sim./mm	Error/%
1	39.4	34.7	11.9	28.4	22.5	20.8
2	24.1	19.3	19.9	14.6	10.5	28.1
3	25.0	21.1	15.6	14.2	13.2	7.0
4	33.9	32.2	5.0	23.1	21.5	6.9
5	23.4	17.7	24.4	12.9	9.7	24.8
6	33.6	30.6	8.9	21.8	18.3	16.1

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表 5 空心圆管壁厚

Table 5. Wall thickness of circular tubes

Exp. No.	h_ct/mm	Exp. No.	h_ct/mm
1-2	0.3	4-2	0.4
2-2	0.4	5-2	0.4
3-2	0.4	6-2	0.4

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表 6 空心圆管芯层排列组合

Table 6. Core arrangement groups of sandwich tubes with circular tube core

Group	h_C3/mm	h_C2/mm	h_C1/mm	Group	h_C3/mm	h_C2/mm	h_C1/mm
a	0.4	0.4	0.4	f	0.5	0.4	0.6
b	0.5	0.5	0.5	g	0.5	0.6	0.4
c	0.6	0.6	0.6	h	0.6	0.4	0.5
d	0.4	0.5	0.6	i	0.6	0.5	0.4
e	0.4	0.6	0.5

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表 7 Exp. 3-b与Exp. 3-f的抗爆性能对比

Table 7. Simulation results for Exp. 3-b and Exp. 3-f

Exp. No.	$ m^* $/g	E_SEA/(J·g⁻¹)	n_o/%	n_i/%	n_c/%	λ
3-b	178	0.7	32.0	0.6	67.4	0.12
3-f	178	0.7	32.5	1.0	66.4	0.11

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