Damage Effect of RC Frame-Masonry Wall Structures Subjected to Internal Explosion
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摘要: 基于1/3缩尺2层钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete，RC）框架-砌体墙结构内爆炸试验和LS-DYNA软件，探究RC框架-砌体墙结构构件在内爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应、毁伤特征和破坏模式。首先，利用内爆炸试验结果验证数值建模方法、材料本构模型和模型算法的准确性。其次，通过模拟结果分析内爆炸冲击波的传播过程以及填充墙对建筑构件毁伤程度的影响。最后，结合不同TNT当量下含填充墙框架结构的数值模拟结果，重点分析其结构构件的动力响应和损伤破坏。以0.249 kg当量工况为例，相较于梁、柱，砌体墙和楼板的破坏更为严重，呈重度毁伤状态；梁板交接区域相较于梁、柱节点更容易发生破坏，产生冲切裂缝；纯框架结构构件的峰值位移相较于含砌体填充墙框架相应位置峰值位移减少了60%以上。另外，楼板的破坏模式将随当量的增大而转变：当比例爆距为1.283 5 m/kg1/3时，楼板发生弯曲破坏；当比例爆距减小至1.143 8 m/kg1/3时，楼板发生弯切破坏；当比例爆距达到1.016 8 m/kg1/3时，楼板发生冲切破坏。当TNT当量为0.370 kg时，楼板和砌体墙完全毁伤，梁板交接区域大部分断开，梁、柱仅轻度毁伤；当TNT当量为7.400 kg时，大部分构件的毁伤程度达到严重毁伤以上。对于RC框架结构的抗爆设计，砌体墙宜涂覆防爆材料，楼板钢筋宜设计双层双向，在梁板交接区域适当加设拉结钢筋，由此提高结构面临小当量内爆炸荷载作用时的整体性。Abstract: Conducting 1/3 scale two-story reinforced concrete frame-masonry wall structure internal explosion tests and simulation, the dynamic response, damage characteristics and failure modes of structural components under internal explosion loads were studied. Firstly, the modeling method and the material constitutive model in the numerical simulation were verified by internal explosion test results. Secondly, the propagation process of the internal explosion shock wave and the influence of infill walls on the damage degree of building components were analyzed through the numerical simulation. Finally, frame structures with infill walls under different equivalent charges were carried out to investigate the dynamic response and damage of structural components. Taking 0.249 kg equivalent condition as an example, the damage of masonry wall and floor is more serious than that of beam and column, which is in a state of severe damage. Compared with beam and column joints, the beam-slab transition area is more prone to damage and produce punching cracks. The peak displacement of the pure frame structure member is reduced by more than 60% compared with the peak displacement of the corresponding position of the frame with masonry infilled wall. The failure mode of the floor varies with the increase in the equivalent proportional distance. Specifically, the bending failure occurs when the proportional distance exceeds 1.283 5 m/kg1/3, while the flexural-shear failure is observed at a proportional distance of 1.143 8 m/kg1/3. Additionally, when the proportional distance reaches 1.016 8 m/kg1/3, the punching failure occurs. In the case where the explosive charge amounts to 0.370 kg, the floor slabs and masonry walls are subjected to complete devastation. The vast majority of the beam-slab junction areas are completely severed, whereas the beams and columns merely incur slight damage. When the equivalent charge reaches 7.400 kg, the vast majority of building components reach a state of severe damage or even complete destruction. For the anti-explosion design, the masonry wall should be coated with explosion-proof materials, the floor reinforcement should be designed in double-layer two-way, and the tie bar should be appropriately added in the beam-slab transition area to improve the integrity of the structure when it faces small equivalent internal explosion load.
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图 7 不同网格尺寸时的超压时程曲线对比
Figure 7. Comparison of overpressure time history curves with different mesh sizes
图 10 DP1和DP2的位移时程曲线对比
Figure 10. Comparison of displacement time history curves of DP1 and DP2
图 11 侧墙-1和楼板破坏形态的试验与数值模拟结果对比
Figure 11. Comparison of test and simulation results of the failure morphology of brick wall-1 and floor
图 14 不同参考点压力时程曲线
Figure 14. Pressure time history curves at different reference points
图 19 不同装药量作用下楼板的损伤
Figure 19. Damage to floor slabs under the influence of different explosive charges
图 21 不同装药量作用下框架建筑的损伤
Figure 21. Damage of frame building under different charge quantities
表 1 混凝土材料参数
Table 1. Concrete material parameters
$ \rho $/(kg·m −3) G/GPa A1 N fc/MPa ft* fs* 2 320 16.7 1.6 0.61 40 0.1 0.18 
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表 2 HRB400钢筋材料参数
Table 2. HRB400 rebar material parameters
$ \rho $/(kg·m −3) E/GPa $ \nu $ σ/GPa Et/MPa C P 7 800 207 0.3 400 1 100 40 5
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表 3 砖墙材料参数
Table 3. Brick wall material parameters
$ \rho $/(kg·m −3) E/MPa $ \mathit{\nu} $ fn/MPa fs/MPa gc β η 2 100 8 925 0.31 1.35 0.88 140 0.03 72 400
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表 4 空气材料参数
Table 4. Air material parameters
$ \rho $/(kg·m −3) E0/(J·m−3) pc μ C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 1.29 2.5×105 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0
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表 5 炸药材料参数
Table 5. Explosive material parameters
$ \rho $/(kg·m −3) D/(m·s−1) pCJ/GPa A2/GPa B/GPa $ {{R}}_{{1}} $ $ {{R}}_{{2}} $ $ { \omega } $ 1 630 6 930 21 373.8 3.747 4.15 0.9 0.35
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表 6 工况设置及数值模拟结果
Table 6. Test conditions and numerical simulation results
Component number Blast distance/m Equivalent/kg Scaled distance/(m·kg−1/3) Damage mode L2, L5, L6, L9 1.20 0.370 1.671 5 Ⅰ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ L2, L5, L6, L9 1.20 1.840 0.979 3 Ⅲ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ L2, L5, L6, L9 1.20 3.700 0.775 9 Ⅳ, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅰ L2, L5, L6, L9 1.20 7.400 0.615 8 Ⅳ, Ⅲ, Ⅲ, Ⅱ Z2, Z3, Z6, Z7 1.43 0.370 1.991 9 Ⅰ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ Z2, Z3, Z6, Z7 1.43 1.840 1.167 0 Ⅲ, Ⅱ, Ⅰ, Ⅰ Z2, Z3, Z6, Z7 1.43 3.700 0.924 6 Ⅳ, Ⅳ, Ⅱ, Ⅰ Z2, Z3, Z6, Z7 1.43 7.400 0.733 8 Ⅳ, Ⅳ, Ⅳ, Ⅳ
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